FTCE PreK-3 Science (2)

2 Types of Learning

Active: active atmosphere
Passive: inactive atmosphere

Deductive Inquiry

Process of testing general assumptions

Inductive Inquiry

Establish facts; develop hypothesis

Interactive Instruction

discussion/debates/brainstorming

Scientific Method

1 Posing a Question
2 Forming a Hypothesis
3 Conducting the experiment
4 Observing & Recording Data
5 Drawing a Conclusion
6 Graphing Data
7 Communicating Results

Lab Report includes

Title: what is being studied
Abstract: Summary of the report
Purpose: state the problem
Hypothesis: educated guess (what's expected from the outcome)

Meter

measure of length

Liter

measure of volume

Gram

measure of mass

Andreas Vesalius

anatomist (anatomy)

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

father of microscopy

Robert Hooke

known for Hookes law'equation describing elasticity

Carl von Linnaeus

Botanist known for contributions in ecology & taxonomy

Louis Pasteur

discovered the role of microorganisms (created Rabies vaccine)

Robert Koch

took Pastuer's observations formulated a hypothesis stating that the specific disease were caused by specific pathogens

Matthias Schlediden

botanist famous for cell theory

3 Subdivisions of Rocks

1 Sedimentary Rocks
2 Igneous Rocks
3 Metamorphic Rocks

Minerals

natural

Ores

minerals or rock deposits that can be mined for profit

rocks

earth materials made of one or more mineral

weight

mass x acceleration
W= ma

dormant volcano

one that is between eruptions but still shows signs of internal activity that might lead to a n eruption in the future

Faults

fractures in the Earth's crust that have been created by either tension or compression forces transmitted through the crust

Erosion

the inclusion and transportation of surface materials by another movable material (usually water

Dynamics

study of the relationship between motion and the force affecting motion

Newton's 1st Law of Motion

Intertia: an object at rest will remain at rest: an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion

Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Friction

resistance to motion

Power

work done divided by the amount of time that it took to do it
Power=work/time

Eight Planets in the Solar System

1 Mercury-closest planet to the sun
2 Venus-Slow rotation, opposite direction from other planets called retrograde rotation
3 Earth-70 percent covered by water
4 Mars- contains numerous craters and active volcanoes has polar regions
5 Jupiter- largest planet in the solar system strong magnetic field
6 Saturn-2nd largest planet, has rings of ice/rock/dust circling it' has more than 20 satellites
7 Uranus-3rd largest planet, has retrograde revolution, gaseous planet
8 Neptune- Gaseous planet has 3 rings and 2 satellites
PLUTO- NO LONGER CONSIDERED A PLANET IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM, KNOWN AS A DWARF PLANET (SMALLEST PLANET)

Inner Planets

Mercury / Venus / Earth / Mars

Outer Planets

Jupiter / Saturn / Uranus / Neptune

Apollo 11

1st man on the moon

Challenger

explosion occurred of this space shuttle 10th mission on January 28

Phases of matter

solid/liquid/gas

matter

takes up space & has mass

Mass

measure of the amount of matter in an object

Volume

the amount of cubic space that an object occupies

Density

the mass of a substance contained per unit of volume

Evaporation

the change in phase from liquid to gas

Condensation

the change in phase from gas to liquid

Simple machines

inclined plane/lever/wheel& axle/pulley

Gregor Mendel

father of genetics

Mendels 3 Laws

1 Law of Dominance
2 Law of Segregation
3 Law of Independent Assortment

Taxonomy

the science of classification

Niche

the relations position of a species or population in an ecosystem

Biotic factors

living things in an ecosystem : plants

Abiotic fcators

non living things in the ecosystem: soil rain

Organelles

make up cells which make up tissues. Tissues makes up organs and groups of organ make up organ systems

Mitosis

division of somatic cells

Meisosis

the division of sex cells (eggs/sperm)

Ecology

study of organisms

Biomes

Species that live in communities that are ecologically similar in regards to temperature/rainfall