naming functional grousp

** naming functional groups

carboxylic acid ( highest priority)

use suffix - carboxylic acid or -oic acid

ester

use suffix -oate

acid chloride

use suffix -oyl halide

amide

use suffix -carbonate -amide

nitrile

use suffix -nitrile

aldehyde

use suffix - al - carbaldehyde

ketone

use suffix -one

alchohol

use suffix -ol

thiol

use suffix -thiol

amine

use suffix -amine

alkene

use suffix -ene

alkyne

use suffix -yne

alkane

use suffix -ane

ether

use prefix alkoxy and suffix -ane

alkyl halide

use prefix halo- and suffix -ane

alkene naming rules

1. identify parent chain, which includes the c=c double bond

2. identify and name substituents

3. assign a locant (and prefix if needed) to each substituent. give the c=c bond lowest # possible

4. list numbered substituents before the parent name in alphabetical order. ignore prefixes (except iso) when ordering alphabetically

5. the c=c double bond locant is placed either before the parent name or just before the -ene suffix

6. include sterochemistry where applicable

alkene nomenclature

1. identify the parent chain, which include the c=c double bond. - the name of the parent chain shoudl end in -ene rather than -ane

step 2 alkene nomenclature

identify and name substituents

step 3 alkene nomenclature

assign a locant (and prefix if needed) to each substituent. give c=c double bond lower number possible

step 4 alkene nomenclature

list the numbered substituents before the parent name in alphabetical order. ignore prefixes (except cyclo and iso) when ordering alphabetically

step 5 alkene nomenclature

the c=c double bond locant is placed either just before the parent name or just before the -ene suffix

step 6 alkene nomenclature

where appropriate, label pi bonds as E or Z at the beginning of the name

ether and alkyl halides

are never apart of the parent name

carboxylic acid (-oic acid or -carboxylic acid)

highest priority

ester (-oate)

lower priority than carboxylic acid but higher than acid chloride

acid chloride ( -oyl halide)

higher priority than amide but lower than ester

amide (-amide)

higher priority than nitrile but lower than acid chloride

nitrile (-nitrile)

higher priority than aldehyde but lower than amide

aldehyde (-al or -carbaldehyde)

higher priority than ketone but lower than nitrile

ketone (-one)

higher priority than alcohol but lower than aldehyde

alcohol (-ol)

higher priority than thiol but lower than ketone

thiol (-thiol)

lower priority than alcohol but higher than amine

amine (-amine)

higher priority than alkene but lower than thiol

alkene (-ene)

lower priority than amine but higher than alkyne

alkyne (-yne)

lower priority than alkene and higher than alkane

alkane (-ane)

lower priority than alkyne but higher than ether

ether (alkoxy -ane)

lowest priority besides alkyl halide (halo -ane)

carboxy-

carboxylic acid prefix

(R)- oxycarbonyl

ester prefix

halocarbonyl-

acid chloride prefix

carbamoyl-

amide prefix

cyano-

nitrile prefix

formyl-

aldehyde prefix

oxo-

ketone prefix

hydroxy-

alcohol prefix

mercapto-

thiol prefix

amino-

amine prefix

alkenyl

alkene prefix

alkynyl

alkyne prefix

alkyl

alkane prefix