Apush period 4 (1800-1848) essential vocab

Market Revolution

the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Romantic beliefs

was a spirit that many of the nation's cultural leaders got from Europe; in literature, in philosophy, in art, and even in politics and economics, American intellectuals committed themselves to this idea of liberating the human spirit. (based on emotion/ intuition)

Voluntary reform societies

organizations formed by individuals seeking to improve society by addressing specific issues through collective action, without coercion or government intervention.

Abolitionists

Anti-slavery activists who demanded the immediate end of slavery.

Seneca Falls Convention

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Regional interdependence

this increased as different areas of the country became economically reliant on each other due to the market revolution

Public and private sphere

The two locations in the cult of domesticity. One being at home and away from others, with the other being out of the house socializing and working.

King Cotton

Expression used by Southern authors and orators before Civil War to indicate economic dominance of Southern cotton industry, and that North needed South's cotton. Coined by James Hammond

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

Participatory Democracy

a system of democracy in which all members of a group or community participate collectively in making major decisions

Suffrage

the legal right to vote

Jacksonian Democrats

Andrew Jackson's Democratic party generally championed the principles of equal opportunity, absolute political freedom (for white males), glorification of the "common man," and limited government.

Whigs

conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin.

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises. Responsible for the Missouri compromise.

Interchangeable parts

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing