psyc 1 final

somatosensory cortex

processes body touch and movement sensations

apraxia

an inability to perform purposeful movements, despite having the desire and physical capability to perform them

The two nervous systems that work together to keep us in a state of homeostasis are the ________ nervous systems.

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is primarily used in neuroscience to:

Map and measure brain activity by detecting changes in blood oxygenation.

The limbic structure that regulates hunger is called the

hypothalamus

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls

bladder contractions

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

relay station connecting parts of the cerebral cortex

After Carmelita learned that kiwi birds can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of ____. 

accommodation

A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of _____. 

a theory of mind

Suppression is to reappearance as _______. 

extinction is to spontaneous recovery

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

cerebellum

Hiroshi enjoys playing scratch-off lottery tickets because occasionally he wins. He is being rewarded on which reinforcement schedule?

variable-ratio

A biological predisposition to learn associations that have survival value is called ______. 

preparedness

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of ______. 

continuity and stages

The Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage information-processing model proposes that we first record to-be-remembered information as a fleeting____ . 

sensory memory

Fading of the physical memory trace is associated with _____. 

storage decay

What helps us understand how cues specific to an event or person will most effectively trigger a memory?

encoding specificity principle

Activating memories of your high school by forming vivid mental images of various places where you and your friends hung out best illustrates ____. 

priming

discrimination

negative behavior

prejudice

negative attitude

stereotypes

overgeneralized belief about a group of people

Those who claim to be outgoing are also likely to report that they like excitement and practical jokes. These claims demonstrate _______. 

how there are clusters of behavioral tendencies that occur together

Bandura’s reciprocal determinism

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Which test can be used to identify people who are pretending to have a disorder in order to avoid their work or other responsibilities?

MMPI

A major criticism of the social-cognitive perspective is that it _____. 

fails to consider the person's inner traits

The psychodynamic perspective highlights all of the following EXCEPT _____. 

the interaction between environment and cognitive processes

Critics have most frequently objected to the emphasis on individualism offered by the ______ perspective. 

humanist

Hans and Sybil Eysenck believed that we can reduce our normal individual variations to the two dimensions of ____. 

extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs. 

antipsychotic

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are ________. 

specific and temporary

When we assume other people are correct and follow their lead, we are demonstrating _______.

informational social influence

Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for _____. 

schizophrenia

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by _____. 

biopsychosocial model

Person-centered (humanistic) therapists emphasize the importance of ______. 

enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted

Ka Sung alternates between feelings of sadness and worthlessness and feelings of elation. He knows that his behavior is not normal, so he decides to see a therapist. He might achieve the best results by seeing a _______. 

cognitive-behavioral therapist

Psychiatrists send a painless magnetic field through the skull to the surface of the cortex to alter brain activity when implementing _______. 

TMS

Imelda's therapist tries to make her aware of her irrational thinking about her abilities and to develop a habit of listening to other people's compliments and emotional support. The therapist's approach BEST illustrates _______. 

psychoanalysis

_________ therapies assume that people's problems will decrease as they gain insight into their unresolved and unconscious tensions. 

psychodynamic