World History Notes: Reformation to Cold War Events

Vocabulary flashcards covering major historical terms and events from the notes.

The Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, known as the Reconquista, was completed.

1492

An edict expelling Jews from Spain was issued during the final phase of the Reconquista.

1492

Christopher Columbus's voyage led to European contact with the American continents.

1492

Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, a list criticizing church practices, sparked the Protestant Reformation.

1517

The Act of Supremacy was a law declaring the English monarch head of the Church of England.

1534

The Council of Trent, a Catholic church council, reformed church abuses during the Counter-Reformation.

1545

The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty allowing rulers to choose Catholic or Lutheran faith in their realms.

1555

The Edict of Nantes was a decree granting limited religious toleration to French Huguenots.

1598

The Peace of Westphalia settlements ended the Thirty Years' War and introduced state sovereignty.

1648

The Glorious Revolution established parliamentary supremacy over the English crown.

1688

Adam Smith's 'Wealth of Nations' was a landmark work on free-market economics.

1776

The Declaration of Independence was signed, asserting American colonies' separation from Britain.

1776

The French Revolution was an uprising that toppled the Old Regime and spread liberal ideals.

1789

Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor of France, signaling his imperial authority.

1804

The Congress of Vienna was a conference that redrew Europe after Napoleon's defeat.

1814

The Greek War of Independence was a revolt leading to Greece's independence from the Ottoman Empire.

1821

The Irish Potato Famine caused mass starvation and emigration in Ireland.

1845

The Springtime of the People refers to a wave of liberal revolutions across Europe.

1848

The Communist Manifesto was a pamphlet by Marx and Engels outlining communism.

1848

The Italian Unification was the consolidation of Italian states into a single nation.

1861

The German Unification was the unification of German states under Prussia.

1871

The Berlin Conference was a meeting regulating European colonization in Africa.

1884

The Scramble for Africa was a rush by European powers to colonize Africa.

1884

The Russo-Japanese War ended with a Japanese victory, reshaping Asia's balance.

1905

Bloody Sunday was a massacre in Russia that spurred revolutionary unrest.

1905

World War I was a global conflict triggered by alliances and militarism.

1914

The Bolshevik Revolution was a radical seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in Russia.

1917

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty ending WWI and imposing harsh terms on Germany.

1919

The Weimar Republic was the German democratic government established after WWI.

1919