medications

acetaminophen common name

tylenol

acetaminophen classification

non-opiod analgesic; antipyretic

acetaminophen MOA

block pain impulses peripherally; doesn’t have anti-inflammatory properties; antipyretic action due to inhibition of prostagladins in CNS

acetaminophen route/dosage (adult & pediatric)

adult: 15mg/kg PO

pediatric: 15 mg/kg PO (max dosage 1000mg)

acetaminophen indications

mild to moderate pain/fever

acetaminophen contraindications/precautions

hepatic disease

acetaminophen adverse reactions/SE

hepatotoxicity, renal failure

activated charcoal classification

chemical absorbent

activated charcoal MOA

inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of drugs/chemicals

activated charcoal route/dosage

A: 1g/kg PO

P: 1g/kg PO (max 50g)

activated charcoal onset/duration

immediate/24 hours

activated charcoal indications

suspected overdose or accidental ingestion of drugs/chemicals

activated charcoal contraindications

comatose, inability to maintain/protect airway, hyperseensitivity, ingestion of cyanide, methanol, organophosphates, caustics

activated charcoal adverse reactions

cramps, black stool, constipation, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea

important info activated charcoal

patient must be awake and alert

Albuterol Classification

Adrenergic β-2 agonist

Albuterol MOA

Dilates bronchial smooth muscle

Albuterol R&D

A: 2.5–5.0 mg (3cc); P: 1.25–2.5 mg in nebulizer continuously × 3 doses.

Albuterol Indications

Asthma

Albuterol Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to this drug and peanuts

Albuterol Precautions

Cardiac disorders

Albuterol Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Bronchospasm

Albuterol Notes

It is no longer necessary to mix Albuterol with Saline Bullet

Aspirin Classification

antiplatelet

Aspirin MOA

Blocks pain impulses in CNS

Aspirin R&D

81 mg chewable (baby) Aspirin – give 4 tablets to equal usual A: dose or 325 mg A: Aspirin.

Aspirin Indications

Mild to moderate pain or fever

Aspirin Contraindications

Bleeding disorders

Aspirin Precautions

Recent history of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers.

Aspirin Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

GI bleeding

Aspirin Notes

If patient took Enteric coated ASA before we arrived

Atropine and Pralidoxime Classification

Anticholinergic as a result of WMD MCI; also reactivates cholinesterase.

Atropine and Pralidoxime R&D

A & P: Single auto-injector containing 2 mg Atropine and 600 mg 2-Pam for patients > 90 pounds.

Atropine and Pralidoxime Indications

Suspicion of WMD biological weapon or nerve agent exposure; Mnemonic: DUMBELS – Defecation

Atropine and Pralidoxime Contraindications

None in the presence of life-threatening exposures.

Atropine and Pralidoxime Precautions

Use with caution in people with heart disease

Atropine and Pralidoxime Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Tachycardia

Albuterol Common Name

Proventil

Aspirin Common Name

Acetylsalicylic acid

Atropine and Pralidoxime Common Name

Duodote

Diphenhydramine Common Name

Benadryl

Diphenhydramine Classification

Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine MOA

Decreases allergic response by blocking histamine.

Diphenhydramine R&D

A: 25–50 mg IV/IO/IM/PO; P: 1 mg/kg IV/IO/IM/PO; do not give in infants < 3 months.

Diphenhydramine Indications

Allergic reaction.

Diphenhydramine Contraindications

Acute asthma attack

Diphenhydramine Precautions

Cardiac disease

Diphenhydramine Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Seizures

Ibuprofen Common Name

Motrin

Ibuprofen Classification

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID)

Ibuprofen MOA

Slows prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes

Ibuprofen R&D

A: 400–800 mg PO every 6–8 hrs; P: 10 mg/kg PO (max 400 mg) every 4–6 hrs

Ibuprofen Indications

Pain

Ibuprofen Contraindications

Hypersensitivity

Ibuprofen Precautions

Not specified

Ibuprofen Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Bleeding disorders

Ibuprofen Notes

May antagonize ACE inhibitors

Epinephrine Classification

B-1 and B-2 agonist

Epinephrine MOA

Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors causing bronchodilation

Epinephrine R&D

Pediatric Resp. Distress: 1 mg in 2 mL NS via nebulizer; Anaphylaxis: Epi 1:1000 IM 0.3–0.5 mg

Epinephrine Indications

Acute asthma attacks

Epinephrine Contraindications

None in cardiac arrest

Epinephrine Precautions

Cardiac disorders

Epinephrine Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Cerebral hemorrhage

Glucagon Common Name

Glucagen

Glucagon Classification

Hormone

Glucagon MOA

Acts on hepatocytes to stimulate release of glucose; promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver to increase blood glucose

Glucagon R&D

A: 1–2 mg IM; P: 0.1 mg/kg IM (max 1 mg); OD/Toxic Ingestion: A: 2–4 mg IV/IO/IM; P: 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO/IM

Glucagon Indications

Severe hypoglycemia

Glucagon Contraindications

None listed

Glucagon Precautions

May increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin

Glucagon Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Hypotension

Naloxone Common Name

Narcan

Naloxone Classification

Opioid antagonist

Naloxone MOA

Competes with opioids at opiate receptor sites

Naloxone R&D

A: 0.4–2 mg IV/IO/IM/ETT bolus titrated to respiratory response; 2 mg IN; P: 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO/IM/IN/ETT (Max 2 mg)

Naloxone Indications

Respiratory depression induced by opioids

Naloxone Contraindications

None in the emergency setting

Naloxone Precautions

Pregnancy

Naloxone Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Recurrent respiratory depression

Nitroglycerine Common Name

Notristat

Nitroglycerine Classification

Coronary vasodilator

Nitroglycerine MOA

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle

Nitroglycerine R&D

0.3/0.4 mg SL every 5 minutes until pain free; 1” NTG paste may be used after 3 NTG tabs have been given

Nitroglycerine Indications

Prophylaxis of angina pain

Nitroglycerine Contraindications

Cerebral hemorrhage

Nitroglycerine Precautions

Postural hypotension

Nitroglycerine Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Headache

Nitrous Oxide Common Name

Nitronox

Nitrous Oxide Classification

Gaseous analgesic

Nitrous Oxide MOA

50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen blend; CNS depression and increased oxygen tension in blood reducing hypoxia

Nitrous Oxide R&D

A: Self-administered via held mask/mouthpiece until effects felt; P: Same as adult

Nitrous Oxide Indications

Traumatic musculoskeletal injury

Nitrous Oxide Contraindications

ALOC

Nitrous Oxide Precautions

Not listed

Nitrous Oxide Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Altered LOC

Nitrous Oxide Notes

Must be mixed 50% Nitrous Oxide and 50% Oxygen; if 100% Nitrous Oxide is administered the patient will become hypoxic and die; patient must be able to follow instructions and self-administer

Oral Glucose Common Name

Glucose 15

Oral Glucose Classification

Carbohydrate