(Q2-L2) Disorders and Diseases Related to Cell Malfunction During the Cell Cycle

Nondisjunction

Failure of the chromosomes or chromatids to separate properly

Nondisjunction

This results in an abnormal amount of DNA.

Mitotic Nondisjunction

This can also occur during mitosis where the pairs of chromosomes do not separate properly. If this occurs, it is known as ______.

Meiotic Nondisjunction

This can also occur during meiosis where the pairs of chromosomes do not separate properly. If this occurs, it is known as ________.

error in cell cycle checkpoints, abnormal cell growth, neoplasm, tumor

Process on how a cell becomes a tumor.

Metastasis

the spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to other parts of the body

Neoplasm

Uncontrolled growth of tissue.

Carcinogens

Substances or elements that trigger cancer.

Polyploid

Abnormal number of sets of chromosomes.

Triploid

A type of polyploid, it pertains to 3 sets of chromosomes instead of the usual 2.

Tetraploid

A type of polyploid, it pertains to 4 sets of chromosomes instead of the usual 2.

Aneuploid

Abnormal number of chromosomes.

Trisomy

A type of aneuploid, it has an extra chromosome.

Monosomy

A type of aneuploid, it lacks a chromosome.

Trisomy 21

Down Syndrome is also known as:

Trisomy 13

Patau’s Syndrome is also known as:

Down Syndrome

A genetic condition caused by an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21

Patau’s Syndrome

A severe genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 13

Turner’s Syndrome

A chromosomal condition affecting females where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing.

Mosaicism

a genetic condition where a person has two or more genetically different sets of cells in their body

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

Mosaicism is the fundamental cause of ___________.

Alzheimer's Disease

a progressive neurological disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and brain cells to die. It is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for a decline in memory, thinking, behavior, and social skills that affects a person's ability to function independently.

Microcephaly

a rare neurological condition where a baby’s head is significantly smaller than expected compared to other babies of the same sex and ag. It typically happens because a baby's brain did not develop properly during pregnancy or stopped growing after birth.

Bipolar Disorder

It is characterized by manic and depressive episodes.

Major Depressive Disorder

is characterized by severe depressive episodes.

Schizophrenia

interferes with a person’s sense of reality.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death.