chapter 6

Innate Immunity

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, involving physical and chemical barriers.

Inflammatory Response

A protective reaction activated when surface barriers are breached, aimed at fighting infection and promoting healing.

First Line of Defense

Physical and chemical barriers that protect the body, including skin, mucus, and enzymes.

Normal Microbiome

The unique bacteria and fungi that colonize body surfaces, aiding in digestion and competing with pathogens.

Second Line of Defense

Inflammation, a rapid response involving cellular and chemical components to protect vascularized tissues.

Hemostasis

The process of blood clotting that occurs during the inflammatory response to prevent excessive bleeding.

Cytokines

Signaling molecules that activate other cells and regulate the inflammatory response.

Neutrophils

Predominant phagocytes in early inflammation, responsible for ingesting bacteria and debris.

Monocytes

White blood cells that migrate to inflammation sites and develop into macrophages, aiding in debris removal and healing.

Acute Inflammation

A short-term inflammatory response characterized by heat, swelling, redness, pain, and loss of function.

Chronic Inflammation

A prolonged inflammatory response that can result from unsuccessful acute inflammation or ongoing tissue damage.

Wound Healing

The process of tissue repair, which can involve regeneration, resolution, or repair with scar tissue.

Primary Intention

Wound healing that occurs with minimal tissue loss.

Secondary Intention

Wound healing that requires significant tissue replacement, often seen in open wounds.

Phases of Wound Healing

The four stages include hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling/maturation.

Dysfunctional Wound Healing

Complications that can arise during any phase of healing, leading to issues like keloids or dehiscence.