ATI Study set 6

Q: What is Epoetin Alfa used for?

A: Stimulates RBC production in anemia due to kidney disease or chemotherapy.

Q: What should be monitored with Epoetin Alfa?

A: Hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Q: What is the goal hemoglobin level with Epoetin Alfa therapy?

A: Less than 12 g/dL to avoid hypertension and thrombotic events.

Q: What is Filgrastim used for?

A: Increases neutrophil production for neutropenia.

Q: What should be monitored with Filgrastim?

A: CBC and absolute neutrophil count (ANC).

Q: What is Oprelvekin used for?

A: Increases platelet production for thrombocytopenia.

Q: What should be monitored with Oprelvekin?

A: Platelet count and fluid retention.

Q: What are Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) used for?

A: To increase RBC count for anemia and blood loss.

Q: How soon must blood be started after receiving from the blood bank?

A: Within 30 minutes.

Q: How long can one unit of blood infuse over?

A: 2–4 hours

Q: What should be used for blood transfusion tubing?

A: 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline).

Q: What are signs of a transfusion reaction?

A: Fever, chills, back pain, hypotension.

Q: What should be done if a transfusion reaction occurs?

A: Stop transfusion immediately and maintain IV with normal saline.

Q: What is Whole Blood used for?

A: Acute blood loss and hypovolemic shock.

Q: What is Platelet Concentrate used for?

A: Thrombocytopenia.

Q: What is Fresh Frozen Plasma used for?

A: Replace clotting factors.

Q: What is Albumin used for?

A: Hypovolemia and hypoalbuminemia.

Q: What should be monitored with Albumin infusion?

A: Signs of fluid overload.

Q: What are H2 receptor antagonists used for?

A: Gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD.

Q: What are examples of H2 receptor antagonists?

A: Ranitidine and Famotidine.

Q: What are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) used for?

A: Ulcers and GERD.

Q: What are examples of PPIs?

A: Omeprazole and Pantoprazole.

Q: What are complications of long-term PPI use?

A: Pneumonia, osteoporosis, rebound acid hypersecretion.

Q: What is Sucralfate used for?

A: Coats ulcers to protect from acid and pepsin.

Q: When should Sucralfate be taken?

A: On an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals and at bedtime.

Q: What are antacids used for?

A: Neutralize gastric acid for PUD and GERD.

Q: What should be avoided when taking antacids?

A: Other medications within 1–2 hours of antacid use.

Q: What are prostaglandin analogs like Misoprostol used for?

A: Prevent gastric ulcers from NSAID use.

Q: Who should avoid Misoprostol?

A: Pregnant women (causes uterine contractions).

Q: What is Ondansetron used for?

A: Prevent nausea and vomiting.

Q: What are complications of Ondansetron?

A: Headache, constipation, prolonged QT interval.

Q: What is Metoclopramide used for?

A: Increases GI motility for nausea and gastroparesis.

Q: What are complications of Metoclopramide?

A: Drowsiness and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Q: What are Bulk-forming laxatives?

A: Psyllium.

Q: What are Stool softeners?

A: Docusate sodium.

Q: What are Stimulant laxatives?

A: Bisacodyl.

Q: What are Osmotic laxatives?

A: Magnesium hydroxide, Lactulose, and Polyethylene glycol.

Q: What should be increased when using laxatives?

A: Fluid and fiber intake.

Q: What is Loperamide used for?

A: Diarrhea.

Q: What are complications of Loperamide?

A: Constipation and drowsiness.

Q: What is Lactulose used for besides constipation?

A: Reduce ammonia levels in liver disease.

Q: What are Iron supplements used for?

A: Treat iron-deficiency anemia.

Q: What are complications of oral iron therapy?

A: Constipation, black stools, GI upset.

Q: What enhances iron absorption?

A: Vitamin C.

Q: What decreases iron absorption?

A: Dairy, caffeine, and antacids.

Q: What is Ferrous sulfate administered with?

A: On an empty stomach with water or juice.

Q: What is a key safety teaching for liquid iron?

A: Use a straw to avoid teeth staining.

Q: What are common side effects of iron IM injections?

A: Staining of skin and pain at injection site.

Q: What technique should be used for IM iron administration?

A: Z-track method.

Q: What is Folic acid used for?

A: Prevention of neural tube defects and treatment of megaloblastic anemia.

Q: What is Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) used for?

A: Treatment of pernicious anemia.