Organelles (Science 2025 T2 Cells)

Organelle

An organelle is a biological structure that performs a distinctive function inside a cell. It translates to ‘little organ’.

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is what makes plants green. It helps create the food source of the cell (by photosynthesis) and can be found in the Chloroplasts of plant cells.

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

The cell membrane is a semi-permeable lipid bilayer that controls what comes into the cell and what goes out. It separates the cell from the outside environment and is found in all cells.

Cell Wall

Made of rigid cellulose fibres and helps maintain the cell’s structure and shape.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It is where cellular respiration (ATP) occurs.

Nucleus

The Nucleus holds all DNA and is also what controls the cell’s activities.

Cytoplasm

Where chemical reactions occur. Contains dissolved nutrients and salts.

Vacuole

Like a backpack in a room. Holds food, water, or waste.