psychoanalytic theories

Oral Stage (Freud)

1st year; Id is established driven by hunger so the mouth is an erogenous zone; ego is established by 12 mo

When is separation anxiety established?

8 months; peaks at 15 months

When is joint attention established?

10 months

Anal Stage (Freud)

1 - 3 years; anus is erogenous zone; major conflict is potty training

Phallic Stage (Freud)

3 - 6 years; Oedipus/Electra complex is established and resolved; Superego established

Latency period (Freud)

6 - 12 years; sexual urges repressed; acceptable hobbies

Genital Stage (Freud)

12 years to young adult; sexual urges reemerge; ego and superego find balance

fixation

inadequate oral gratification; causes nail biting, overeating, and smoking later in life

Regression

going back to unresolved issues when under pressure (ex. nail biting when stressed or wetting the bed)

Repression

pushing traumatic events into your subconcious so they aren't at the forefront of the mind

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

0 - 1 yr; forming attachment to people and caregivers

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

1 - 3.5 years; self concept begins to develop; develop self control w/o loss of positive self image; excessive punishment will lead to shame and doubt

Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

4-6 yrs; conscience; self-concept and self-esteem

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

6 yrs to puberty; academic skills and social skills developing; during this period confidence or inferiority will be established

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

adolescence to early adulthood; identity achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion

Self-concept vs Self-esteem

What do you know about yourself? (ie physical descriptors) vs How do you feel about those things?

early childhood (harter)

2-5 years; distinct attributes and behaviors; child gives concrete discriptions of themselves

middle childhood (harter)

more social comparison; personality traits and competencies over observable behavior

Freud

cognitive skills develop to obtain gratification

freud

physical maturation more important

freud

importance of childhood experience on later life

erikson

\-cognitive skills are part of a set of who functions that develop independently

Erikson

acknowledges physical maturation but focuses on changes in social environment

erikson

provided a life span framework

identity achievement

crisis (exploring options available to you) and commitment (have you decided on your role and therefore your identity?)

Foreclosure

commitment without crisis

moratorium

crisis with no commitment

diffusion

no crisis or commitment