reproductive homeostatic imbalances/ STI

Erectile dysfunction

Parasympathetic nerves of penis release too little NO (nitric oxide) leading to inability to attain erection\

chronic -problems with BV

temporary- psychological factors, alcohol or drugs

Infertility

problems with sperm quality or quantity

Radiation, lead, marijuana, and excessive alcohol,Antibiotics,Defects in calcium channels , heat

Ectopic pregnancy

Oocyte is fertilized in peritoneal cavity or distal uterine tube

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Spread of infection from reproductive tract to peritoneal cavity

-May cause scar tissue and lead to infertility

Cervical cancer

affects 450,000 women worldwide each year, killing half

Most common between ages 30 and 50

Risks: frequent cervical inflammation; STIs, including HPV; or multiple pregnancies

Prolapse of the uterus

unsupported uterus may sink inferiorly, tip of cervix protrudes through the external vaginal opening

uterus principally supported by muscles of pelvic floor, which are prone to damage

Chlamydia

Most common bacterial STI

Symptoms: urethritis; penile and vaginal discharges; abdominal, rectal, or testicular pain; painful intercourse

Only 20% of women and 10% of men have symptoms

Trichomoniasis

Parasitic infection that is more common in women

Symptoms: 70% of women have no symptoms 30% have yellow-green vaginal discharge with strong odor

Gonorrhea

Bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive and urinary tracts

Most infections are asymptomatic

Treatment: antibiotics

Syphilis

Bacterial infection transmitted sexually or congenitally

asymptomatic for 2–3 weeks and then painless chancre appears at site

can enter latent period-progress to tertiary syphilis

Treatment: penicillin

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) viral

Group of ~40 or more viruses is most common STI

Cause of genital warts

Genital Herpes (viral)

by herpes simplex virus

One of most difficult human pathogens to control because most do not know they are infected

Only 15% display signs of infection