Canadian history chapter 4 test

constitution act 1791

each colony was to be governed by an appointed governor and council and an elected assembly (governor and appointed council retained veto Divided Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.

segment du test

an oath in which people swore they were a member of the Anglican Church in order to participate in government

Quebec Act (1774)

made by Guy Carleton increased Quebecs size, guaranteed French language rights and made provisions for Roman Catholics to take some roles in colony's governance, French can continue to be catholic and Catholic Church can run education system

examples of oligarchs

family compact, chateau clique, council of 12

1760

Britain gains control of VF and from 1760 to 63 Britain instals military government there. in 63 the 7 years war ends with a british victory.

when Britain win 7 years war

they wonder if they should rule NF as a English colony and they rename it quebec

what are the Quebec people used to

seignurial system, Roman Catholicism, unique set of laws, French speaking

what makes quebec weird at the start

English immigrants come to quebec and expect to control the colony

James Murray

governor of Quebec from 1760-1766. He adopts a practical approach to running the colony as he decides to let the frnehc live and worship as normal because he had 1500 soldiers and is governing 70,000 French canadiens

Royal Proclamation of 1763

following FN uprising in Ohio River Valley, Britain came to conclusion to appease FN people, they restricted movement west and beyond proclamation line and ownership of FN land could only go to british crown.

main provisions of Royal proclamation

reseved teg western interior to FN

introduced the ned to negotiate with the Births crown before taking FN land within Quebec

reduced size of Quebec

introduced colonial government by a governor and council (both appointed by Britain)

promised an elected assenbly

introduced british legal system

constitution act 1791

Divided Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada. each colony was to be governed by an appointed governor and council and an elected assembly (governor and appointed council could veto)

reserved land to pay for expenses of protestant churhc

provided british legal system language and religious rights along with he English land holding system for upper Canada and provided French legal system, language and religious rights along with the French land holding system for lower Canada

1783

united empire loyalists landing at what would become Saint John New Brunswick

how many united empire loyalists

100,000 people who move to BNA which was more than 1 colony ATP

American revolution dates

1775-1783

United Empire loyalists were considered,

refugees, fleeing persecution, fleeing conflict zones and violence

UEL eventually settled in

Atlantic colonies, (approx 35,000 families) and along the great lakes, st Lawrence lowlands(10,000 families) and significant in BNA and ultimately Canada

who were UEL loyal to really

King George 3rd

how many of population was loyalist in the 13 colonies

20%

why be a UEL

1. some people wish to remain neutral but were persecuted for not choosing a side

2. some had economic or business ties with UK and couldn't afford to join

3 some wanted to be british subjects and respected UK

4. some agred with criticisms but did not support armed rebellion

5. recent immigrants believed they had not suffered as long and would not receive equal rights in new country

6. Iroqouis six nations confederacy were loyalists as they feared American expansion west and thought Uk would protect land in Ohio river valley and Great Lakes area

7African loyalists got promised land and freedom to any slave enlisted with UK so thousands joined but then 3,000 moved to NS

why were loyalists significant immigrants

bilingual and bicultural nature of Canada established

BNA received economic boost with 100,000 farmers merchants and tradespeople came north

1784 NB was a colony

1791 Canada was divide into lower and upper Canada

some land was dispensed and begins to be developed

in new population there is mistrust of USA

which president declared war on Great Britain and BNA

James Madison in 1812

reasons for war of 1812

1. there was a war in Europe and US remained neutral to both UK and FR but then they ignored US neutrality and stopped and boarded US ships in search for 'war supplies' and navy deserters, US viewed English actions worse

2. war hawk movement of wanting to expand all of NA so they would fight for it (was beginning of manifest destiny)

3. Mid west FN resistance, (west of appalation mountains) resisting American attempts to settle in Ohio River Valley and FN groups attempted to negotiate territorial rights with American Government but were largely ignored, most FN groups were british allies so UK blamed by Americans for instigating and supplying them

manifest destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

why was war of 1812 significant

made people in Upper and Lower Canada have a sense of pride in the defeat of a superior enemy and an anti American sentiment increased as well as there being stronger connection to Britain but people in BNA believed they had a right to have a government that was responsive to their wishes and in Atlantic colonies people made profits off supplying the war and also 1 million people moved to BNA which lead to growth of agricultural development, urban growth, rise of canal building and beginnings of a railroad boom

what ended war of 1812

treaty of Ghent in 1814 after British troops burn the Whitehouse

1791 constitutional act made problems

upper, lower, NS despite democratic goals became controlled by oligarchies

upper canada oligarchy

family compact

lower Canada oligarchy

chateau clique

NS oligarchy

council of 12

most oligarchy were

mostly English speaking and dominated by Anglican Church, all were men

1791 constitutional act

oligarchys developed the appointed exceutive and legislative councils

rules by oligarchy

use political power to expand their economic power

large projects like canals and railways to help their business grow

most people in BNA wanted improved roads why

improve access between farms and larger markets

improve access to services in urban areas

in 1837 where do most people live

rural settings

3 angry men where did they live and what did they do

William Lyon Mackenzie newpaper editor turned politician editor of colonial advocate, he got elected of upper Canada legislative assembly and first mayor of Toronto he is a reformer who grew impatient with the lack of reform under british government and dishonesty from Family Compact as they seemed to be running Canada for their benefit

Jospeh howe writer of Nova Scotian news paper against council of 12 writes about reforms he wants to see and is elected legislative assembly of NS as a moderate reformer

Louis Joseph Papineau leader of reform movement in lower Canada in movement called les patriotes he was s seigneur educated as a lawyer and was elected numerous times to legislative assembly rising to position of speaker

Papineau writes

92 resolutions to remove governors ability to appoint people to the excecutive and legislative councils as well as calling for an end of patronage (power to control appointments)

Mackenzie writes

7th report on groevances which called for same changes as Papineau and both wanted responsible government to be implemented

Responsible Government (Canada)

reformers in BNA want governor and councils to be made responsible to the pope of the colony through elections

in response to all requests to change Britain

doesnt change because they think responsible government will destroy the colonial system (mercantilism)

1837 (Canada)

Russell Resolutions launched, ignoring the grievances of Lower Canadian patriotes as laid out in the 1834 92 Resolutions. Rebellion breaks out in Upper and Lower Canada

post 1837

rebellion ends with multiple defeats of a second uprising in LC

200+ died in battle or are executed (UC 17 ex LC 12 men ex)

100s convicted of high treason

140 or so deported (penal colonies in Bermuda, Australia

opponent of reform won

Lord Durham

Radical Jack of Whig party,

likes general education, free trade, etc

after rebellions he becomes governor general of BNA (investigates causes of rebellions and recommend solutions

what is Durhams initial idea after reading 92 resolutions and 7 report on grievances before arriving in BNA

he thinks there should be federal union of all BNA

why would one federal union in BNA be good in Durhams eyes

too large for one oligarchy to dominate and would generate tax money for infrastructure

how many colonies like sdurhams idea in 1838

NONE

Durham met iwht reformes like Robert Baldwin of UC and he wanted

responsible government where governor would ask leader of party that wins the most seats in the legislative assembly to form executive council then people would be making key decisions would be responsible to people through elections

tories

conservative in upper Canada called bleu in LC

Grits

liberal in UC and called rouge in LC