Exam Review: Ancient Civilizations and Cultural Developments

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from ancient civilizations, their political systems, cultural practices, and influential figures.

Region that was able to control all of Greece because Sparta and Athens were weakened by warfare.

Macedonia

Some of the earliest examples of Greek epic poetry.

Iliad and Odyssey

Leader who took the first step towards Athenian democracy.

Solon

The main political unit in the Hellenistic world; refers to city-states.

Polis

Philosopher associated with the question 'What is truth?'

Socrates

The group that won the first Persian invasion.

Athenians

The leader who took the throne in Macedonia after King Philip II was assassinated.

Alexander

The goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology.

Athena

The writer of the work 'The Republic'.

Aristotle

City-state characterized by an emphasis on warfare.

Sparta

The god of war in Greek mythology.

Ares

Government where citizens vote to make decisions.

Democracy

An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens to defend against Persia.

Delian League

King of Macedonia who united Greece and was the father of Alexander the Great.

Philip II

A long period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire.

Pax Romana

A Christian ceremonial act commemorating Jesus’ Last Supper with bread and wine.

Eucharist

Respect and duty children owe to their parents and elders.

Filial piety

A social class system in which people are born into a specific group with set roles and statuses.

Caste

A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad, based on teachings in the Quran.

Islam

Muslims seeking a spiritual and mystical connection with God.

Sufis

A major religion that encompasses a variety of beliefs including concepts like moksha and reincarnation.

Hinduism

A religion founded by Buddha that teaches the Four Noble Truths and the Middle Way.

Buddhism

A military expedition by European Christians to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control.

First Crusade

A period of renewed interest in art, learning, and culture in Europe spanning the 14th to 17th centuries.

Renaissance

The Catholic Church's movement to reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation.

Counter-Reformation

A system of knotted strings used by the Incas to record information.

Quipu

Payment made by one ruler or country to another for protection or as a sign of submission.

Tribute