stats

STATISTICS

science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

tool in decision-making and problem-solving

methods of

• collecting,

• processing,

• summarizing and analyzing data

  in order to provide answers or solutions to an inquiry.

Statistics as a science

Descriptive statistics

aims to provide the basic characteristics of a data set through tables and graph ; central tendency, measures of position, and measures of variation

Inferential statistics

aims to infer or make interpretations by making a concluding statement about the population based on the result derived from a data set.

Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)

central statistical authority of the Philippine government that collects and publishes statistical information on economic, social, and general affairs of the people of the Philippines, as well as enforcing the civil registration functions in the country.

DATA

facts and figures that are

presented, collected and analyzed ; either numeric or non-numeric and must be contextualized.

Who, What, When, Where, Why, How

six W’s

Population

collection or set of units or entities from whom we got the data.

Sample

subgroup of a population.

Variable

characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of the universe.

Primary data and Secondary data

WAYS OF CLASSIFYING DATA

Primary data

first- hand information, e.g. data gathered from a survey, where the person who collected the data is the one using it.

Secondary data

second-hand information; and collected by another person or organization.

Ungrouped data

data without any specific order or arrangement; and referred to as raw data.

Grouped data

data arranged or tabulated and presented in an organized manner.

Qualitative

variables express a categorical attribute and answer the question “what kind”

Quantitative

answer questions such as “how much” or “how many”. It have actual units of measure

Discrete data

data that can be counted.

Continuous data

can be measured.