BIOL0510: Microbial Biotechnology

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 18

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

19 Terms

1

What is the biotechnology timeline?

  • pre-Pasteur (fermenting drinks/food)

  • Pasteur (industrial fermentation and organic acids)

  • antibiotics

  • post-antibiotics (producing amino acids, enzymes, etc)

  • synthetic microbio (vaccines, insulin, biofuels)

New cards
2

What is microbial biotechnology?

the use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product (ex. foods, vitamins, enzymes)

<p>the use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product (ex. foods, vitamins, enzymes) </p>
New cards
3

What is erythropioetin?

a hormone that encourages the production of red blood cells; injections of it can be administered

New cards
4

What is a vector?

a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer genetic material (ex. a plasmid or virus)

New cards
5

What are shuttle vs expression vectors?

shuttle: usually plasmids that can propagate in two or more species

expression: transfer a gene and express the protein product of the gene

New cards
6

How are vectors used?

adding DNA encoding for erythropioetin to the plasmid; introducing the plasmid back to a bacterial cell

<p>adding DNA encoding for erythropioetin to the plasmid; introducing the plasmid back to a bacterial cell</p>
New cards
7

What is recombinant DNA?

DNA created by combining genetic material from different sources/species to produce a ‘recombined’ genome

New cards
8

What is a transgenic animal?

one whose genome has been altered by the introduction of a foreign gene from another species

New cards
9

Describe the steps of genetic engineering using recombinant DNA technology

  1. isolate a vector

  2. DNA is cleaved by an enzyme

  3. Gene of interest is inserted into the vector

  4. Vector is taken up by a cell (ex. bacterium)

  5. Cells with gene of interest are cloned

<ol><li><p>isolate a vector</p></li><li><p>DNA is cleaved by an enzyme</p></li><li><p>Gene of interest is inserted into the vector</p></li><li><p>Vector is taken up by a cell (ex. bacterium)</p></li><li><p>Cells with gene of interest are cloned</p></li></ol><p></p>
New cards
10

How do we cut and paste a gene of interest into a plasmid?

restriction endonucleases are DNA cutting enzymes that cut at the ends of your gene of interest

New cards
11

Why do bacteria have restriction endonucleases?

  • they are antimicrobial against phages

  • they can degrade other bacteria that may infect them with their DNA

(defense strategies)

New cards
12

How do we get a new bacterial cell to take up a plasmid? 2 ways

  • transformation: CaCl2 + heat shock OR electroporation

  • phage infection: transduction

New cards
13

How do we make sure that the bacteria received the plasmid (selecting for the bacteria that took up the plasmid)?

  • antibiotic selection

  • marker (GFP)

  • sequencing

<ul><li><p>antibiotic selection </p></li><li><p>marker (GFP)</p></li><li><p>sequencing</p></li></ul><p></p>
New cards
14

Describe the assay we use to determine if the bacteria took up the Amp resistance?

ASK FOR EXPLANATION

<p>ASK FOR EXPLANATION</p>
New cards
15

What do we do to the bacteria with recombinant DNA after checking for selection?

purification

  • give them media and let them grow

  • survey the liquid; filter the purified protein product into a sample

New cards
16

List some drugs that are made via cloning

insulin, human growth hormone, estrogen, steroids, epinephrine

New cards
17

How did diabetic people get insulin treatment before cloning?

  • received insulin injections produced by cow pancreases (14 cow pancreases/1 person/year)

New cards
18

How did people with stunted growth get human growth hormone before cloning?

human cadavers; 80 cadavers were needed/person/year; risk: potential transmittance of human pathogens

New cards
19

List pros to protein cloning

  • increased safety of supplemental drugs

  • a reliable, affordable, and purified source

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
213 days ago
4.7(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
891 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
514 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
688 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
903 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
760 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 67 people
701 days ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 44 people
758 days ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (92)
studied byStudied by 11 people
841 days ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (116)
studied byStudied by 10 people
800 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 15 people
3 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 17 people
751 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 2 people
177 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (71)
studied byStudied by 42 people
385 days ago
5.0(4)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 41 people
88 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (222)
studied byStudied by 29 people
646 days ago
5.0(1)
robot