QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

Neils Bohr

Atomic Model - “Fixed Circular Orbit”

Max Plank

Black Body Radiation - “QUANTA”

Albert Einstein

Photoelectric Effect - PHOTONS

Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie

Dual Nature of Atoms

Erwin Schrodinger

Particle by incorporating wave-like and particle-like properties

Valence Electrons

electrons in the highest occupied energy level

Orbital Diagram

Box and Arrow is used to indicate an electron

Two Electrons

The maximum capacity allowed per orbital

Aufbau Principle

lower main energy level or principal quantum number is filled first

Pauli Exclusion Principle

An orbital can accommodate a maximum of two electrons and must have opposite spins

Hund’s Rule

Electrons fill a subshell singly before forming any pairs

Periodic Law

arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Atomic Radius

one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms

Ionization Energy

energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Electron Affinity

amount of energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to an atom

Electronegativity

ability of the atom to ATTRACT electrons toward itself in a chemical bond

Isotopes

Element that have the same atomic number but different mass number