Body Fluids, Electrolytes, and Intravenous Theraoy

Approximately what fraction of body water is located within cells (intracellular fluid)?

a. One-third

b. One-half

c. Two-thirds

d. Three-quarters

Two-thirds

Fluid distribution between the extracellular and intracellular compartments primarily occurs through which process?

a. Filtration

b. Active transport

c. Diffusion

d. Osmosis

Osmosis

Which of the following is considered an insensible (not visible) route of fluid output?

a. Urine

b. Vomiting

c. Water loss through the skin and lungs

d. Wound drainage

Water loss through the skin and lungs

The osmolality of a fluid is a measure of:

a. The volume of the fluid

b. The pH of the fluid

c. The number of particles per kilogram of water ...

d. The electrolyte concentration of the fluid

The number of particles per kilogram of water

Which of the following is characteristic of an isotonic fluid imbalance?

a. Body fluids become too concentrated

b. Body fluids become too dilute

c. Water and sodium are lost or gained in equal proportions

d. Only water is lost, leading to hypernatremia

Water and sodium are lost or gained in equal proportions

Hypernatremia is best described as:

a. Extracellular fluid volume excess

b. Body fluids being too concentrated (water deficit)

c. Body fluids being too dilute (water excess)

d. Water and sodium being lost in equal proportions

Body fluids being too concentrated (water deficit)

Clinical dehydration is characterized by:

a. Increased extracellular fluid volume and diluted body fluids

b. Decreased extracellular fluid volume and diluted body fluids

c. Increased extracellular fluid volume and concentrated body fluids

d. Decreased extracellular fluid volume and concentrated body fluids

Decreased extracellular fluid volume and concentrated body fluids

Which of the following electrolytes has a higher concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compared to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

a. Sodium (Na+)

b. Chloride (Cl-)

c. Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

d. Potassium (K+)

Potassium (K+)

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of:

a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Filtration d. Active transport

Active transport

Hypokalemia refers to:

a. Abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood

b. Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood

c. Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood

d. Abnormally low sodium concentration in the blood

Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood

Which of the following is considered a type of extracellular fluid?

a. Intracellular fluid

b. Interstitial fluid

c. Cytosol

d. Nucleoplasm

b. Interstitial fluid

Which of the following organs is the major regulator of fluid output? a. Skin

b. Lungs

c. GI tract

d. Kidneys

d. Kidneys

What is the term for a fluid imbalance where water and sodium are lost or gained in equal proportions?

a. Hyperosmolar imbalance

b. Hypo-osmolar imbalance

c. Isotonic imbalances

d. Hypertonic imbalance

c. Isotonic imbalances

Clinical dehydration is often characterized by which two concurrent conditions?

a. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) excess and hyponatremia2

b. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) excess and hypernatremia

c. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit and hypernatremia

d. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit and hyponatremia

c. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit and hypernatremia

Where are the concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) generally higher?

a. Extracellular fluid (ECF)

b. Intracellular fluid (ICF)

c. Within cell membranes

d. In the nucleus of cells

a. Extracellular fluid (ECF)

What type of transport mechanism is responsible for maintaining the high intracellular concentration of potassium (K+)?

a. Diffusion

b. Osmosis

c. Filtration

d. Active transport

d. Active transport

What is the primary effect of hypokalemia on the body?

a. Decreased neuromuscular excitability

b. Muscle weakness

c. Increased deep tendon reflexes

d. Decreased risk of cardiac dysrhythmias

b. Muscle weakness

.

Patients with oliguria are at high risk of developing which electrolyte imbalance?

a. Hypokalemia

b. Hyperkalemia

c. Hypocalcemia

d. Hypercalcemia

b. Hyperkalemia

Hypocalcemia increases which physiological process?

a. Neuromuscular excitability

b. Neuromuscular inhibition

c. Bone density

d. Cardiac output

a. Neuromuscular excitability

Hypercalcemia is often associated with which common symptom? a. Increased energy levels

b. Lethargy

c. Muscle spasms

d. Increased heart rate [Not directly stated in sources]

b. Lethargy

The signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia are similar to those of which other electrolyte imbalance?

a. Hyperkalemia

b. Hypocalcemia

c. Hypermagnesemia

d. Hyponatremia

b. Hypocalcemia

Which condition is a common cause of hypermagnesemia?

a. Diarrhea

b. Vomiting

c. End-stage renal disease

d. Increased magnesium intake with normal kidney function

c. End-stage renal disease

A solution that has the same tonicity as normal blood is called:

a. Hypotonic

b. Hypertonic

c. Isotonic

d. Osmotic

c. Isotonic

What is the main IV fluid used in a continuous infusion called?

a. Secondary line

b. Piggyback

c. Intermittent infusion

d. Primary line

d. Primary line

According to the Infusion Nurses Society (INS), what technique is recommended for the insertion and maintenance of vascular access devices (VADs)?

a. Clean technique [Not in sources]

b. Aseptic Non-Touch Technique (ANTT®.

c. Standard Precautions alone

d. Use of non-sterile gloves

b. Aseptic Non-Touch Technique (ANTT®

Which of the following is generally avoided as an IV insertion site in adults due to an increased risk of thrombophlebitis?

a. Veins on the inner arm

b. Foot veins

c. Hand veins

d. Cephalic vein

b. Foot veins

What should a nurse do if a potential IV insertion site shows signs of infection?

a. Clean the site thoroughly and proceed with insertion

b. Do not use the site

c. Apply a warm compress and then insert the IV

d. Attempt insertion at a less obviously infected area of the site

b. Do not use the site

What is the term for the complication where IV fluid enters the subcutaneous tissue around the venipuncture site?

a. Phlebitis

b. Extravasation

c. Infiltration

d. Local infection

c. Infiltration

Which type of vascular access device is designed for short-term use, such as fluid restoration after surgery?

a. Central catheters

b. Implanted ports

c. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs)

d. Peripheral catheters

d. Peripheral catheters

Normal Saline is an example of which type of intravenous solution used to treat extracellular volume deficit?

a. Hypotonic solution

b. Hypertonic solution

c. Isotonic solution

d. Colloid solution

c. Isotonic solution

Which of the following is a common reason why a patient might need intravenous fluids?

a. Decreased physical activity [Not directly stated in sources]

b. Recent surgery

c. Increased oral fluid intake

d. Stable chronic illness

b. Recent surgery

Before initiating an intravenous infusion, what is a crucial nursing responsibility related to patient safety?

a. Allowing the patient to choose the IV insertion site

b. Administering the infusion as quickly as possible

c. Checking patient identification using two identifiers

d. Using any available tubing, regardless of its designation

c. Checking patient identification using two identifiers