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Thomas Hobbes
Key figure in political philosophy known for his work on the social contract.
Leviathan
Hobbes' major work published in 1651, symbolizing the omnipotence of the ruler.
State of Nature
A condition described by Hobbes as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short, characterized by human selfishness.
Social Contract
An agreement where individuals renounce certain rights for security and peace under a sovereign authority.
Natural Rights
The freedom to use one's power for self-preservation as defined by Hobbes.
Natural Law
Rules determined by reason that govern behavior, emphasizing the importance of seeking peace.
Absolutist Monarchy
A political system advocated by Hobbes, where power is concentrated in a single ruler.
State of War
A condition without a common power, leading to insecurity and survival mode among individuals.
Positive Law
Man-made laws that apply to those under state authority, contrasting with natural law.
Human Nature
Hobbes' view that humans are inherently selfish and egoistic, leading to conflict.
Misanthropy
The critique of Hobbes as a misanthrope, countered by supporters who argue he is realistic about human nature.
Sovereign
The embodiment of the collective will of the people, to whom power is transferred to escape the state of nature.
Compliance with Laws
Maintained through fear of consequences, as per Hobbes' social contract theory.
Self-Restraint
The concept that individuals introduce self-restraint for self-preservation despite a love for freedom.
