chp 9 articulations

Joint

Places of union between bones, bones and cartilage, bones and teeth

Arthrology

Study of joints

Structural Classification of Joints

1. Fibrous Joints

2. Cartilaginous Joints

3. Synovial Joints

Fibrous Joints

Think fibers like those in CT, so this is held together by dense connective tissue

Cartilaginous Joints

Bones joined by cartilage

Synovial Joints

Held together by ligaments and a fluid filled cavity

Functional classification of Joints

1. Synarthroses

2. Amphiarthroses

3. Diarthroses

Synarthroses

Immobile ie fibrous, cartilaginous

Amphiarthroses

Slightly mobile ie fibrous, cartilaginous

Diarthroses

Completely mobile ie synovial

Fibrous Joints - 3 Most Common

1. Gomphoses

2. Sutures

3. Syndesmoses

Syndesmoses

Interosseous membranes between bones (Amphiarthrosis) ie ulna radius

Sutures

Connects skull bones (Synarthroses)

Gomphoses

“Peg in a socket” tooth held in place by fibrous periodontal ligaments (Synarthroses)

Cartilaginous joints

1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

Synchondroses

Bones joined by hyaline cartilage

Symphyses

Pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones ie pubic synthesis, vertebra

Synovial Joints

1. Articular capsule & Joint Cavity

2. Synovial Fluid ( fluid within)

3. Articular Cartilage

4. Ligaments, nerves, bones

Articular Capsule

Extrinsic Ligament

Physically separate from articular capsule

Intrinsic Ligament

Thickening of Articular capsule itself. Includes ligaments outside and within the articular capsule

Bursae

Fibrous sac-like structure containing synovial fluid lined internally by synovial membrane

Classification of Movement of Synovial Joints

1. Uniaxial

2. Biaxial

3. Multiaxial

Classification of Shape of Synovial Joints

1. Plane

2. Hinge

3. Pivot

4. Condylar

5. Saddle

6. Ball & socket

Plane Joints

Uniaxial, side to side

Hinge Joints

Uniaxial, door hinge

Pivot

Uniaxial, rotate

Condylar

Biaxial

Saddle

Biaxial, looks like a seat

Ball & Socket

Multiaxial, head into cup