Pharma-Kirley-gy Practice Exam

Pharmacology is divided into two parts, which are best described by which of the following?

• Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics

• Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

• Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacy

• Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacogenetics

• Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacy

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Before the FDA grants marketing approval, a new drug must be:

• Safe

• Effective

• Tested in Children

• Tested in the Elderly

• All of the Above

Effective

Phase I of human clinical trials required by the FDA is mainly designed to test a new drug’s

• Bioavailability

• Elimination Half-Life

• Efficacy

• Possible Interactions with Other Drugs

• Safety

Safety

Phase IV of human clinical trials required by the FDA is mainly designed to monitor a new drug’s

• Efficacy after being approved for marketing

• Potency after being approved for marketing

• Bioequivalence after being approved for marketing

• Serious adverse effects after being approved for marketing

• Metabolism after being approved for marketing

Serious adverse effects after being approved for marketing

A (Black) box warning on the package insert included with a prescription drug warns the patient that

• The drug should only be taken as prescribed

• The drug can only be taken with food

• The drug has limited efficacy in certain ethnic populations

• The drug carries a significant risk of serious or even life threatening adverse effects

• The drug has insufficient potency to be used for certain indications

The drug carries a significant risk of serious or even life threatening adverse effects

Which one of the statements below is true?

• Full agonists have higher potency than partial agonists

• Antagonists have higher efficacy than partial agonists

• Partial agonists have less efficacy than antagonists

• Efficacy is a quantitative indication of how well an agonist works

• The potency of an agonist is proportional to its efficacy

Efficacy is a quantitative indication of how well an agonist works

The “first Pass,” effect is due to:

• Metabolism by the small intestine of an oral drug on its first pass through the small intestine

• Metabolism by the stomach of an oral drug on its first pass through the stomach

• Metabolism by the liver of an oral drug on its first pass through the liver

• Metabolism by the kidney of an oral drug on its first pass through the kidney

• Metabolism by the blood of an IV drug on its first pass through the bloodstream

Metabolism by the liver of an oral drug on its first pass through the liver

In general, the speed at which drugs are metabolized by the liver and eliminated by the kidneys is highest in:

• Infants

• Toddlers

• Young Adults

• Middle-Aged

• The Elderly

Young Adults

The half-life of a drug is:

• The time for the plasma drug concentration to double to a new steady state concentration after changing the dose administered to the patient

• The time for the plasma drug concentration to reach a new steady state maximum concentration after changing the dose administered to the patient

• The time for the plasma drug concentration to go half-way from its starting concentration to a new steady state concentration after changing the dose administered

• The time for half of the new steady state plasma drug concentration to be filtered through the kidney after changing the dose administered

• The time for half of the new steady state plasma drug concentration to be metabolized in the liver after changing the dose administered

The time for the plasma drug concentration to go half-way from its starting concentration to a new steady state concentration after changing the dose administered

After cessation of administration of the drug shown below, how long (in minutes) will it take to reach a level of 0.42 mg/L (12.5% of the steady state concentration of 7.0 mg/L)

60

Bacteriostatic drugs:

• Do not substantially change the number of viable bacteria present before the drug was introduced

• Reduce the number of susceptible bacteria present before the drug was introduced

• Change the subsequent rate of increase of susceptible bacteria

Do not substantially change the number of viable bacteria present before the drug was introduced

A mechanism of action which is NOT used by antibacterial drugs is:

• Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

• Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis via binding to ribosomal subunits

• Inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase

• Inhibition of bacterial ergosterol synthesis

• Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase

Inhibition of bacterial ergosterol synthesis

The anticoagulant effects of a single dose of aspirin are long-lasting (many days) because aspirin:

• Is very slowly eliminated by the kidneys

• Has a very large volume of distribution

• Covalently modifies the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme

• Activates a transcription factor that down regulates the biosynthesis of the cyclooxygenases (COXs)

• Causes tinnitus

Covalently modifies the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme

Opioid agonist drugs such as morphine do not:

• Cause constipation

• Cause anemia

• Decrease the sensation of pain

• Depress respiration

• Inhibit the cough reflex

Cause anemia

Local anesthetic drugs:

• Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)

• Activate the GABA gated inhibitory chloride channel

• Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

• Block nerve sodium channels

• Block nerve calcium channels

Block nerve sodium channels

General anesthetic drugs:

• Are fairly dangerous drugs because the Therapeutic Indexes (TIs) are small

• Have only been in common clinical use since the 1950s

• Can only be administered intravenously (IV)

• Are short lived due to the first pass effect

• Are usually not co-administered with other drugs

Are fairly dangerous drugs because the Therapeutic Indexes (TIs) are small

The mechanism of action of penicillin is mediated by inhibition of bacterial:

• Ergosterol synthesis

• Protein synthesis

• RNA polymerase

• Cell wall synthesis

• Folic acid metabolism

Cell wall synthesis

Regarding the efficacy and potency for drugs:

• Efficacy is a concentration term

• Potency is a measure of the response level

• Efficacy is not important as long as the potency is good

• Potency has little to do with the site of dose needed

• Efficacy and potency are independent of one another

Efficacy and potency are independent of one another

The Therapeutic Index (TI) is a measure of:

• The efficacy of a drug

• The potency of a drug

• The safety of a drug

• The side effects of a drug

• The half-life of a drug

The safety of a drug

The Volume of Distribution of an IV drug that stays entirely in the bloodstream is approximately:

• 0.05L

• 0.5L

• 5.0L

• 50.0L

• 500.0L

5.0L

The drug dose response curve shown below which is consistent with the administration of an antagonist after giving a maximally effective concentration of a full agonist is curve:

• Curve 1

• Curve 2

• Curve 3

• Curve 4

• Curve 5

Curve 5

Which curve below is consistent with the administration/titration of a partial agonist after the administration of a maximally efficacious concentration of a full agonist?

• Curve 1

• Curve 2

• Curve 3

• Curve 4

• Curve 5

Curve 1

The Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) for a general anesthetic drug is:

• A measure of its safety

• A measure of its efficacy

• A measure of its potency

• Equal to its affinity for tis receptor

• None of the above

A measure of its potency

Spare receptors are receptors which are:

• Not able to bind agonist drugs

• Not able to bind antagonist drugs

• Not able to be inactivated by irreversible inhibitors

• Not needed to generate the maximal response

• Not able to generate a biological signal after binding agonists

Not needed to generate the maximal response

Phase II/Type II drug metabolism is characterized by drug:

• Hydrolysis

• Oxidation

• Reduction

• Conjugation

• De-esterfication

Conjugation

The Volume of Distribution (VD) for a given drug is:

• Equal to the blood volume

• Equal to the body volume

• Equal to the plasma volume

• Equal to the drug dose given, divided by the plasma drug concentration at time zero

• Equal to the drug dose given, divided by the plasma drug concentration after 1 half-life of the drug

Equal to the drug dose given, divided by the plasma drug concentration at time zero

The dissociation constant KD, for a typical drug binding to its receptor is:

• Equal to the EC50 for that drug and receptor

• A measure of the affinity of that drug for its receptor

• Equal to the on-rate/the off rate (Ks/K1) for drug binding to that receptor

• A measure of the therapeutic efficacy of the drug

• Expressed in units pf time

A measure of the affinity of that drug for its receptor

Naloxone (Narcan) is used to revive people who have overdosed on heroin. It works because:

• It speeds up the off-rate of heroin on the opioid receptor

• It acts as a full agonist at the opioid receptor

• It acts as a partial agonist at the opioid receptor

• It acts as an antagonist at the opioid receptor

• It increases the affinity of the opioid receptor for heroin

It acts as an antagonist at the opioid receptor

Recovery from a single, bolus dose of the intravenous general anesthetic thiopental is rapid because:

• Thiopental is very rapidly metabolized by the liver

• Thiopental is very rapidly eliminated in the urine

• Thiopental crosses the blood brain barrier very quickly

• Thiopental is redistributed from its brain into the muscle and then into the fat

• Thiopental undergoes a large first pass metabolism

Thiopental is redistributed from its brain into the muscle and then into the fat

What was the most effective method used to treat bacterial infections before the creation of Penicillin?

• Iodine, Bromine, and Mercury

• Botanical Remedies

• Sulfa Drugs

• Bloodletting

• B and C

Sulfa Drugs

Which of the following is not a preventative measure against antibiotic resistance?

• Wearing a mask

• Getting vaccinated

• Accurate Prescriptions

• Control the usage in animals

• Following doctor’s orders

Wearing a mask

What organization still active today was founded in order to control and prevent malaria?

• World Health Organization

• American Public Health Association

• Center for Disease Control

• The Carter Center

• World Malaria Center

Center for Disease Control

Which of the following two compounds primarily make up the birth control pill?

• Progesterone and LH

• Norethisterone and hcG

• Mestranol and hPL

• Progestin and Estrogen

• Testosterone and Progesterone

Progestin and Estrogen

What Schedule is Marijuana classified as under the Controlled Substances Act?

• Schedule I

• Schedule II

• Schedule III

• Schedule IV

• Schedule V

Schedule I

Which of the following is not a psychedelic?

• LSD

• Psilocybin

• Mescaline

• Marijuana

• Esketamine

Marijuana

Which of the following is NOT a use for Aspirin?

• Anti-inflammatory

• Reduce fever

• Prevent clotting

• Allergy relief

• Pain reducer

Allergy relief

Which of the following is NOT an inhalational anesthetic?

• Nitrous Oxide

• Sevoflurane

• Ketamine

• Isoflurane

• Halothane

Ketamine

The production of what chemical is increased by opioid use that leads to addiction?

• Endorphins

• Oxytocin

• Serotonin

• Dopamine

• Naloxone

Dopamine