HOSA world health & disparities

What are the 5 steps to reduce health disparities?

" 1. Take explicit measures to eliminate unconscious race bias and ethnic bias as a cause of health disparities

2. Monitor patterns of care to identify any of these disparities that continue to exist

3. strengthen the physician and patient bond, especially when from differing backgrounds.

4.Increase the racial and ethnic diversity of the medical profession and other health professions.

5. Ensure access to care through universal health insurance. "

- Health Disparities in the United states, Donald A. Barr

What does AAMC stand for?

Association of American Medical Colleges

What does cultural competence mean?

Skills in cultural awareness, sensitivity, and cross-cultural communication.

What were the findings in the odds ratio for cardiac catherization for race?

Odds ratio for referral: 0.6

White:90.6

Black:84.7

What were the findings in the odds ratio for cardiac catherization for sex?

Odds ratio for referral: 0.6

Male:90.6

Female:84.7

What were the findings in the odds ratio for cardiac catherization for age?

Odds ratio for referral: 0.7

fifty-five years old: 89.7

seventy years old: 85.6

What is the 2016 life expectancy of a white baby?

78.5 years

What is the 2016 life expectancy of a black baby?

74.8 years

What is the difference between the 2016 life expectancy of a black baby and a white baby?

3.7 years

How much GDP did Japan spend on healthcare in 2017?

10.7

How much GDP did the US spend on healthcare in 2017?

17.1

What was Japan's infant mortality rate in 2016?

2.0

What was the US's infant mortality rate in 2016?

5.9

Which of the 2016-17 OCED selected countries have the highest infant mortality rate?

United states

In the health index for 15 countries, which country has the highest mortality rate for both males and females?

Nigeria

What is the social gradient?

The relation of socioeconomic status (SES) and health

Have the benefits of growth over the last 25 years been equally or unequally distributed?

Unequally

In 1980, the worlds richest countries containing 10% of the worlds population had a gross income of 60 times that of the poorest countries. By 2005, this ratio had increased to?

122

What is primary healthcare?

Essential healthcare based on practical scientifically sound & socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to the public.

Who has the lowest life expectancy at birth?

Somalia

Who has the highest life expectancy at birth?

Monaco

What are the 5 states with the highest burden of education related health disparities?

#1. Texas($71 billion)

#2. California ($59 billion)

#3. Florida ($57 billion)

#4. North Carolina ($48 billion)

#5. Ohio($48 billion)

What are the 5 states with the highest and lowest burden of education related health disparities per person?

lowest- California

highest- South carolina

Racial/ethnic burden by # states

Black (33 states)

Hispanic (9 states)

American Indian (8 states)

Native Hawaiian (1 state)

What state had the highest burden?

Texas

What state had the highest burden per person

DC ($4,965)

What is the burden carried by each racial group?

Black (69%)

Hispanic (21%)

American Indian (6%)

Native Hawaiian (3%)

Asian (2%)

Women with disabilities are _____ more likely to face intimate partner violence

2-4

What is the economic burden of racial, ethnic, and educational health disparities?

2014 burden: $320 Billion

2018 burden: $451 Billion

Education health disparities: $978 Billion

How many people are facing financial hardship due to healthcare, and how many people are experiencing catastrophic out of pocket spending

1= 2 billion

2 = 1 billion

The Covid 19 pandemic interrupted essential services in __% of countries at the height of the pandemic in 2021

92%

In 2022 __% of the countries reported disruptions

84%

Who's TGPW aims to have more than ____ people benefit from it.

1 billion

__% of people in the juvenile system have mental illness

70%

The UHC covrage index increased from ____.

45-68

Transportation of population not covered by essential health services decreased about __% between 2000-2021. This indicated that in 2021, about ____ people were not covered by essential health sources

1. 15%

2. 4.5 billion

What states have the most opioid use?

MA, DC

Can VHC be measured?

Yes, it can

An estimated __% of projected health gains from the sustainable development goals could be achieved through PHC

75%

Achieving the targets for PHC required an additional investment of around _____ per year.

$200-328 billion per year.

$__ return for every $1 spent on implementing things that help those with disabilities

$10

__ in ___ people in the US experience disability.

1 in 6

What can explain the falling death rates in England and wales before medical advancements?

Rising standard of living.

Who is Mimi?

A poor seamstress struggling to survive in the Latin quarter of Paris. She is from La Boheme

How does Mimi die?

TB

What were deaths from infectious diseases from?

Heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

What are the four principal groups of employees

" 1. the administrators who work at the highest ranks of the civil service.

2.the professional and executive employees who carry out much of the work of the Civil service, under the supervision of administrators.

3.The clerical workers who provide the staff support for their professional and executive supervisors.

4. the other workers, not in any of these employment categories, who clean the floors, take out the trash, and serve food in the cafeteria." - Health Disparities in the United States

What are the ADL's?

activities of daily living

1. feeding one's self

2. bathing one's self

3. dressing oneself

4. being able to use the toilet without assistance

3. being able to transfer oneself without assistance

Who are the two most healthy people out of the 6 people?

The engineer and 94-year-old

Who are the two least healthy people out of the 6 people?

The CEO and the overweight and depressed teenager

What does ELBW stand for?

extremely low birth weight ( infants weighing below 1,000 grams

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest percentage of asthma

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest percentage of asthma?

Iowa

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest percentage of diabetes?

Mississippi

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest percentage of diabetes?

Iowa

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest percentage of hypertension?

Mississippi

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest percentage of hypertension?

California

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest percentage of obesity?

Mississippi

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest percentage of obesity?

California

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest rate of breast cancer deaths?

Mississippi

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had lowest rate of breast cancer deaths?

Iowa

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest rate of heart disease deaths?

Mississippi

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest rate of heart disease deaths?

California

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest rate of infant mortality?

Mississippi

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest rate of infant morality?

California

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the highest family income?

California

In the Comparative health index for for states, what state had the lowest family income?

Mississippi

What are the five principals to be used for modifying quality review procedures to address disparities in healthcare?

1. Disparities represent a significant quality problem.

2.Current Data collection efforts are inadequate to identify and address disparities.

3. Clinical performance measures should be stratified by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position for public reporting

4. Population-wide monitoring should incorporate adjustment for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position

5. Strategies to adjust payment for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position should be considered to reflect the known effects of both on morbidity.

What tells more, race or ethnicity?

ethnicity

What does race refer to?

One's continental origin.

What does ethnicity refer to?

One's narrower geographic roots coupled with religious or cultural roots.

What does ACE stand for?

angiotensin-converting enzyme