General Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary Flashcards
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Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering general human anatomy, cell structures, tissues, body systems, osteology, and myology for cosmetology students.
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55 Terms
Anatomy
The study of the structures of the body.
Physiology
The study of how the body functions.
Scope of Practice
The legal boundaries of a professional's duties; in cosmetology, diagnosing or treating illness is never within scope
Cell
The basic unit of all living things.
Nucleus
The cell structure that controls growth and reproduction and contains genetic material.
Cytoplasm
The watery fluid surrounding the nucleus inside a cell.
Cell Membrane
The semipermeable structure that surrounds and protects the cell.
Mitosis
Cell division that produces two identical cells.
Metabolism
The chemical process through which cells convert nutrients to energy.
Anabolism
The metabolic process that builds larger molecules from smaller molecules.
Catabolism
The metabolic process that breaks larger molecules down into smaller molecules.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform specific functions.
Connective Tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and organs.
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that covers and protects body surfaces.
Nerve Tissue
Tissue that sends and transmits electric signals.
Muscle Tissue
Tissue that produces movement by contracting.
Organ
A group of different tissues working together to perform specific functions.
Body System
A group of organs working together to perform a major function.
Circulatory System
The body system that controls blood movement.
Digestive System
The body system that breaks food down into nutrients or waste.
Endocrine System
The body system that controls hormone levels.
Excretory System
The body system that eliminates waste.
Immune/Lymphatic System
The body system that protects the body from disease.
Integumentary System
The body system that provides a protective covering and regulates temperature.
Muscular System
The body system that covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place, aiding in movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production.
Nervous System
The body system that coordinates the body's systems.
Reproductive System
The body system that produces offspring.
Respiratory System
The body system that provides oxygen through respiration.
Skeletal System
The body system containing 206 bones that forms the physical foundation of the body.
Osteology
The study of bones.
Joint
The connection between two or more bones, categorized as movable or immovable.
Cranium
The 8 bones that enclose and protect the brain.
Facial Skeleton
The 14 bones that compose the facial framework.
Parietal Bones
Two cranial bones forming the sides and top of the cranium.
Temporal Bones
Two cranial bones forming the side of the head near the ear.
Occipital Bone
The bone located below the parietal bones forming the back of the skull.
Frontal Bone
The cranial bone that forms the forehead.
Sphenoid Bone
The cranial bone forming the base and sides of the skull.
Ethmoid Bone
The cranial bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain.
Zygomatic Bones
Facial bones that form the cheekbones.
Nasal Bones
Two facial bones that form the bridge of the nose.
Maxillae
Two facial bones that form the upper jaw.
Mandible
The largest and strongest facial bone, which forms the lower jaw.
Lacrimal Bones
Two small, thin facial bones located in the front side walls of the eye socket.
Hyoid Bone
A U-shaped bone located at the base of the tongue; the only bone in the throat.
Humerus
The largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.
Radius
The smaller bone in the forearm located on the same side as the thumb.
Ulna
The inner and larger bone in the forearm, located on the pinky finger side.
Carpus
The wrist structure consisting of 8 bones.
Metacarpus
The bones of the palm, consisting of 5 bones.
Phalanges
Bones in the fingers and toes; each finger has 3, the thumb has 2, and the foot contains 14.
Patella
The knee cap.
Tibia
The shin bone that supports body weight.
Fibula
The smaller bone located on the little toe side between the knee and ankle.
Myology
The study of the structure, function, and disease of the muscular system.