History Final

How was slavery after the Revolutionary War like?

More and more states became discontent with the existence of chattel slavery, many antislavery societies were also made

Republican Motherhood

The idea of an Educated Woman, skilled in virtue

Seneca Falls Convention

A convention about woman’s rights

What happened to the Iroquois Confederacy after the Revolutionary War?

It fell apart of the first time after it’s creation

Treaty of Paris 1783

This treaty granted the United States of America independence and set international boundaries

Articles of Confederation

The set of laws that was used before the creation of the Constitution

What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Inability to enact or collect taxes, no interstate or foreign trade regulation, lack of executive branch, articles were extremely difficult to amend and lack of national unity

Land Ordinance of 1785

A law setting up a system to divide Western territories

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Established states in the Northwest territory and set up a system for territories to become states

What are the three basic stages to becoming a state?

1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges.

2. When a territory had 5,000 voting residents, the settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government.

3. When the total population of a territory reached 60,000 free inhabitants, the settlers could write a state constitution, which had to be approved by congress before it granted statehood.

What are the largest political and economic problems that occurred after the Revolutionary War?

Lack of national unity and National Debt

Shays’ Rebellion

A rebellion started by debt-ridden farmers known for causing country-wide panic

Constitutional Convention

A convention made to improve the Articles of Confederation

Virginia Plan

Plan drafted by James Madison, gives power to the central government and implements a bicameral Legislature with larger states having more representatives

New Jersey Plan

Plan drafted by William Patterson. Unicameral Legislature, states have equal amounts of votes

The Great Compromise

The agreement to create a two-house Legislature

Three-Fifths Compromise

Under this agreement only three-fifths of a state's slave population would count when determining representation.

What are the three branches of Government?

Execute, Legislative, Judicial

Checks and Balances

keeps any branch of government from becoming too powerful

Federalists

supporters of the constitution. They believed that the Constitution offered a good balance of power between various political views.

Antifederalists

people who opposed the Constitution - thought that the Constitutional Convention should not have created a new government. Others thought that the Constitution gave too much power to the central government.

Federalist Papers

essays supporting the Constitution written anonymously under the name Publius

Who actually wrote the Federalist Papers?

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments intended to protect citizen's rights

Electoral College

a body of electors who represent the people's vote in choosing the president

Who was the Secretary of State in Washington’s Cabinet?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s Cabinet?

Alexander Hamilton

Who was the Attorney General in Washington’s Cabinet?

Edmund Randolph

Who was the Secretary of War in Washington’s Cabinet?

Henry Knox

What was the population of the United States in 1790?

4 Million

How much National Debt was there after the Revolutionary War?

$11.7 million to foreign countries and about $40.4 million to U.S. citizens

Strict interpretation of the Constitution

In this Interpretation of the Constitution, the Federal Government has limited powers.

Loose interpretation of the Constitution

In this interpretation of the Constitution, the Federal Government has greater power. This also followers the Elastic Clause

What were some of Hamilton and Jefferson’s main differences?

Hamilton favored the well educated man and followed the elastic clause, Jefferson favored the common man and favored a strict interpretation of the government

National Bank

would issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds

How was the capital established?

First moved to Philadelphia, then changed to Washington D.C. in 1800

Federalists V. Democratic Republicans

The two original parties that came out of the split of Hamilton and Jefferson

Whiskey Rebellion

A rebellion caused due to the excise tax put onto whiskey. This is the only rebellion in United States history to have a president in-office be involved

French Revolution

a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789. The French people overthrew their king and created a republican government.

The Neutrality Proclamation

A policy that proclaimed neutrality regarding the wars in Europe that would punish anyone who would violate it.

Jay’s Treaty

settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s

The Battle of Fallen Timbers

A battle fought over Native American territory in the Northwest that resulted in the Treaty of Greenville

Treaty of Greenville

gave the United States claim to most Native American lands in the Northwest Territory and safety of the settlers in the territory.

Pinckney’s Treaty

settled the border and trade disputes with Spain, with the Southern Border being recognized as the 31*N latitude. Also gave access to Port of New Orleans

XYZ Affair

the Directory, a five-man executive branch of the French government, sent three low-level officials, whom Adams in his report to Congress called "X, Y, and Z." These officials demanded a $250,000 bribe as payment for seeing Talleyrand.

The Alien and Sedition Acts

A series of 4 laws and acts, the most famous act forbidding anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government

the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional

What happened in Jefferson’s Inauguration?

The first Inauguration held in D.C. Additionally, Jefferson walked there instead of using a carriage

What were some new Republican Policies?

Laissez Faire, cuts from military budgeting and the reversal of the Sedition Act

Chief Justice John Marshall

Chief Justice that ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional

Marbury V. Madison

a case that helped establish the Supreme Court's power to check the power of the other branches of government

The Louisiana Purchase

purchase which roughly doubled the size of the United States

What hampered Napoleon’s ability to create a French Empire in North America?

The current revolution in Haiti was spending much of France’s resources

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Expedition that travelled the new territories obtained from the Louisiana Purchase

Embargo Act of 1807

This law essentially banned trade with all foreign countries. American ships could not sail to foreign ports. American ports were also closed to British ships.

War Hawks

Congressmen who pressed James Madison to consider military action against Great Britain

The War of 1812

the underprepared United States attempted to defeat the British, known as the second war for Independence

American Colonization Society

an organization that advocated for removing African Americans from the United States and sending them to a settlement colony (Liberia) in Africa

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who attempted to resist colonization and fought at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and disagreed with the Treaty of Greenville

The “Star Spangled Banner”

A poem turned into the National Anthem

Hartford Convention

A convention for Federalists in New England to discuss how to reverse the decline of their party and the region

Accommodationists

Native Americans who chose to adopt some Euro-American ways

Traditionalists

Native Americans who called for native purity by rejecting contact with whites

Prophetstown

A society built at the sacred junction of the Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers, from which they built a strong Indian alliance that directly challenged the U.S. government

Battles of Thames

The battle where Tecumseh was murdered

the “Era of Good Feelings”

the new sense of national unity felt during Monroe’s two terms

Convention of 1818

Signed with Great Britain to settle some issues left open by the Treaty of Ghent, which four years earlier had ended the War of 1812.

Adam-Onis Treaty

The treaty, named after Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish minister Louis de Onís, ceded Florida to the United States. In exchange, the United States agreed to pay up to $5 million in damages to Americans who had claims against Spain and to forfeit any claims to Texas.

The new Democratic Party

Created by Martin Van Buren

Party Platform

a carefully crafted list of policy commitments that aimed to appeal to a broad public

Monroe Doctrine

James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823. The European powers, according to Monroe, were obligated to respect the Western Hemisphere as the United States' sphere of interest.

Simon Bolivar

One of the most powerful leaders in South America, nicknamed “El Libertador” (the liberator) for helping nations become independent from Spain

Henry Clay’s American System

This "System" consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture

The National Road

the first highway built entirely with federal funds

Erie Canal

ran about 363 miles from the city of Albany, New York (on the Hudson River) to the city of Buffalo, New York (on Lake Erie) before it was expanded

Missouri Compromise

this legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time

The Election of 1824 marked the collapse of which framework?

the final collapse of the Republican-Federalist political framework

The Election of 1828

Ended with the win of Andrew Jackson

John C. Calhoun

Jackson’s Vice Presidential running mate

What did Jackson supporters call the coalition between J.Q Adams and Henry Clay?

The Corrupt Bargain

The Spoils System

the practice of giving government jobs to political backers

Kitchen Cabinet

an informal group of trusted advisors who sometimes met in the White House kitchen

States Rights Debate and Nullification Crisis

Conflict on the ability of states to Nullify (cancel out) laws and their own individual rights

What was the dispute between Jackson and the National Bank?

Jackson argued that the second National Bank was unconstitutional

McCulloch V. Maryland

Ruled that the Second National Bank was constitutional

The Panic of 1837

a severe economic depression occurring after Van Buren took office

Whig Party

a party that favored the idea of a weak president and a strong Congress

Indian Removal

A series of acts brought on by president Jackson meant to exile Native Americans from their lands

Worcester v. Georgia

Ruled that Georgia had no jurisdiction over the Cherokees and no claim to their lands

Trail of Tears

The title for when 20,000 Cherokees were marched westward at gunpoint

Sequoyah

The child of a Native American woman and a white settler who came up with the first Cherokee alphabet in the early 1800s

The Amistad

A ship where two Spanish plantation owners, Pedro Montes and Jose Ruiz, purchased 53 Africans and put them aboard to Caribbean plantation owners. In revolt, the people on the ship killed the captain and cook.

Manifest Destiny

the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable

Second Great Awakening

a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s

James P. “Jim” Beckwourth

a miner, guide, fur trapper, company agent, army scout, soldier, and hunter. On a scouting expedition in the early 1850s, he discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Sacramento Valley, opening a clear pathway to California

The Oregon Trail

a major route that people took when migrating to the western part of the United States

The Santa Fe Trail

America’s first commercial highway. Connected Missouri to New Mexico

The Texas Revolution

a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Hispanic Texans) against the centralist government of Mexico

The Alamo

a historic Spanish mission and fortress compound founded in the 18th century by Roman Catholic missionaries famous for being used during the Texas Revolution

The Mexican-American War

an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848