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How was slavery after the Revolutionary War like?
More and more states became discontent with the existence of chattel slavery, many antislavery societies were also made
Republican Motherhood
The idea of an Educated Woman, skilled in virtue
Seneca Falls Convention
A convention about woman’s rights
What happened to the Iroquois Confederacy after the Revolutionary War?
It fell apart of the first time after it’s creation
Treaty of Paris 1783
This treaty granted the United States of America independence and set international boundaries
Articles of Confederation
The set of laws that was used before the creation of the Constitution
What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Inability to enact or collect taxes, no interstate or foreign trade regulation, lack of executive branch, articles were extremely difficult to amend and lack of national unity
Land Ordinance of 1785
A law setting up a system to divide Western territories
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Established states in the Northwest territory and set up a system for territories to become states
What are the three basic stages to becoming a state?
Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges.
When a territory had 5,000 voting residents, the settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government.
When the total population of a territory reached 60,000 free inhabitants, the settlers could write a state constitution, which had to be approved by congress before it granted statehood.
What are the largest political and economic problems that occurred after the Revolutionary War?
Lack of national unity and National Debt
Shays’ Rebellion
A rebellion started by debt-ridden farmers known for causing country-wide panic
Constitutional Convention
A convention made to improve the Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
Plan drafted by James Madison, gives power to the central government and implements a bicameral Legislature with larger states having more representatives
New Jersey Plan
Plan drafted by William Patterson. Unicameral Legislature, states have equal amounts of votes
The Great Compromise
The agreement to create a two-house Legislature
Three-Fifths Compromise
Under this agreement only three-fifths of a state's slave population would count when determining representation.
What are the three branches of Government?
Execute, Legislative, Judicial
Checks and Balances
keeps any branch of government from becoming too powerful
Federalists
supporters of the constitution. They believed that the Constitution offered a good balance of power between various political views.
Antifederalists
people who opposed the Constitution - thought that the Constitutional Convention should not have created a new government. Others thought that the Constitution gave too much power to the central government.
Federalist Papers
essays supporting the Constitution written anonymously under the name Publius
Who actually wrote the Federalist Papers?
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.
Bill of Rights
first 10 amendments intended to protect citizen's rights
Electoral College
a body of electors who represent the people's vote in choosing the president
Who was the Secretary of State in Washington’s Cabinet?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s Cabinet?
Alexander Hamilton
Who was the Attorney General in Washington’s Cabinet?
Edmund Randolph
Who was the Secretary of War in Washington’s Cabinet?
Henry Knox
What was the population of the United States in 1790?
4 Million
How much National Debt was there after the Revolutionary War?
$11.7 million to foreign countries and about $40.4 million to U.S. citizens
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
In this Interpretation of the Constitution, the Federal Government has limited powers.
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
In this interpretation of the Constitution, the Federal Government has greater power. This also followers the Elastic Clause
What were some of Hamilton and Jefferson’s main differences?
Hamilton favored the well educated man and followed the elastic clause, Jefferson favored the common man and favored a strict interpretation of the government
National Bank
would issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds
How was the capital established?
First moved to Philadelphia, then changed to Washington D.C. in 1800
Federalists V. Democratic Republicans
The two original parties that came out of the split of Hamilton and Jefferson
Whiskey Rebellion
A rebellion caused due to the excise tax put onto whiskey. This is the only rebellion in United States history to have a president in-office be involved
French Revolution
a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789. The French people overthrew their king and created a republican government.
The Neutrality Proclamation
A policy that proclaimed neutrality regarding the wars in Europe that would punish anyone who would violate it.
Jay’s Treaty
settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
A battle fought over Native American territory in the Northwest that resulted in the Treaty of Greenville
Treaty of Greenville
gave the United States claim to most Native American lands in the Northwest Territory and safety of the settlers in the territory.
Pinckney’s Treaty
settled the border and trade disputes with Spain, with the Southern Border being recognized as the 31*N latitude. Also gave access to Port of New Orleans
XYZ Affair
the Directory, a five-man executive branch of the French government, sent three low-level officials, whom Adams in his report to Congress called "X, Y, and Z." These officials demanded a $250,000 bribe as payment for seeing Talleyrand.
The Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of 4 laws and acts, the most famous act forbidding anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government
the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional
What happened in Jefferson’s Inauguration?
The first Inauguration held in D.C. Additionally, Jefferson walked there instead of using a carriage
What were some new Republican Policies?
Laissez Faire, cuts from military budgeting and the reversal of the Sedition Act
Chief Justice John Marshall
Chief Justice that ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional
Marbury V. Madison
a case that helped establish the Supreme Court's power to check the power of the other branches of government
The Louisiana Purchase
purchase which roughly doubled the size of the United States
What hampered Napoleon’s ability to create a French Empire in North America?
The current revolution in Haiti was spending much of France’s resources
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Expedition that travelled the new territories obtained from the Louisiana Purchase
Embargo Act of 1807
This law essentially banned trade with all foreign countries. American ships could not sail to foreign ports. American ports were also closed to British ships.
War Hawks
Congressmen who pressed James Madison to consider military action against Great Britain
The War of 1812
the underprepared United States attempted to defeat the British, known as the second war for Independence
American Colonization Society
an organization that advocated for removing African Americans from the United States and sending them to a settlement colony (Liberia) in Africa
Tecumseh
A Shawnee chief who attempted to resist colonization and fought at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and disagreed with the Treaty of Greenville
The “Star Spangled Banner”
A poem turned into the National Anthem
Hartford Convention
A convention for Federalists in New England to discuss how to reverse the decline of their party and the region
Accommodationists
Native Americans who chose to adopt some Euro-American ways
Traditionalists
Native Americans who called for native purity by rejecting contact with whites
Prophetstown
A society built at the sacred junction of the Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers, from which they built a strong Indian alliance that directly challenged the U.S. government
Battles of Thames
The battle where Tecumseh was murdered
the “Era of Good Feelings”
the new sense of national unity felt during Monroe’s two terms
Convention of 1818
Signed with Great Britain to settle some issues left open by the Treaty of Ghent, which four years earlier had ended the War of 1812.
Adam-Onis Treaty
The treaty, named after Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish minister Louis de Onís, ceded Florida to the United States. In exchange, the United States agreed to pay up to $5 million in damages to Americans who had claims against Spain and to forfeit any claims to Texas.
The new Democratic Party
Created by Martin Van Buren
Party Platform
a carefully crafted list of policy commitments that aimed to appeal to a broad public
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823. The European powers, according to Monroe, were obligated to respect the Western Hemisphere as the United States' sphere of interest.
Simon Bolivar
One of the most powerful leaders in South America, nicknamed “El Libertador” (the liberator) for helping nations become independent from Spain
Henry Clay’s American System
This "System" consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture
The National Road
the first highway built entirely with federal funds
Erie Canal
ran about 363 miles from the city of Albany, New York (on the Hudson River) to the city of Buffalo, New York (on Lake Erie) before it was expanded
Missouri Compromise
this legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time
The Election of 1824 marked the collapse of which framework?
the final collapse of the Republican-Federalist political framework
The Election of 1828
Ended with the win of Andrew Jackson
John C. Calhoun
Jackson’s Vice Presidential running mate
What did Jackson supporters call the coalition between J.Q Adams and Henry Clay?
The Corrupt Bargain
The Spoils System
the practice of giving government jobs to political backers
Kitchen Cabinet
an informal group of trusted advisors who sometimes met in the White House kitchen
States Rights Debate and Nullification Crisis
Conflict on the ability of states to Nullify (cancel out) laws and their own individual rights
What was the dispute between Jackson and the National Bank?
Jackson argued that the second National Bank was unconstitutional
McCulloch V. Maryland
Ruled that the Second National Bank was constitutional
The Panic of 1837
a severe economic depression occurring after Van Buren took office
Whig Party
a party that favored the idea of a weak president and a strong Congress
Indian Removal
A series of acts brought on by president Jackson meant to exile Native Americans from their lands
Worcester v. Georgia
Ruled that Georgia had no jurisdiction over the Cherokees and no claim to their lands
Trail of Tears
The title for when 20,000 Cherokees were marched westward at gunpoint
Sequoyah
The child of a Native American woman and a white settler who came up with the first Cherokee alphabet in the early 1800s
The Amistad
A ship where two Spanish plantation owners, Pedro Montes and Jose Ruiz, purchased 53 Africans and put them aboard to Caribbean plantation owners. In revolt, the people on the ship killed the captain and cook.
Manifest Destiny
the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable
Second Great Awakening
a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s
James P. “Jim” Beckwourth
a miner, guide, fur trapper, company agent, army scout, soldier, and hunter. On a scouting expedition in the early 1850s, he discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Sacramento Valley, opening a clear pathway to California
The Oregon Trail
a major route that people took when migrating to the western part of the United States
The Santa Fe Trail
America’s first commercial highway. Connected Missouri to New Mexico
The Texas Revolution
a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Hispanic Texans) against the centralist government of Mexico
The Alamo
a historic Spanish mission and fortress compound founded in the 18th century by Roman Catholic missionaries famous for being used during the Texas Revolution
The Mexican-American War
an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848
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