Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Psychopathology: Differentiation

Alcohol: Unique Intoxication Signs

Slurred speech, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impaired memory

Unique Intoxication Signs: Caffeine

Cardiac arrhythmia, restlessness, nervousness, insomnia

Unique Intoxication Signs: Cannabis

Conjunctival injection (red eyes), dry mouth, increased appetite

Unique Intoxication Signs: PCP/Hallucinogens

Nystagmus (eye mevements), hypertension, ataxia, muscle rigidity

Unique Intoxication Signs: Inhalants

Lingering chemical odors, slurred speech, lethargy

Unique Intoxication Signs: Opioids

Pinpoint pupils, drowsiness, respiratory depression

Unique Intoxication Signs: Sedatives

Slurred speech, incoordination, stupor or coma

Unique Intoxication Signs: Stimulants

Pupillary dilation, changes in heart rate, elevated blood pressure

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Alcohol

Seizures, delirium, hand tremor

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Caffeine

Headache, fatigue, dysphoric mood

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Cannabis

Irritability, anxiety, physical discomfort

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Opioids

Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Sedatives

Grand mal seizures, autonomic hyperactivity

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Stimulants

Dysphoric mood, suicidal ideation

Unique Withdrawal Signs: Tobacco

Irritability, increased appetite, anxiety