Blood Group Terminology

Lewis _____ Le System

007

Lewis antigen AKA

plasma antigen

Lewis antigen is synthesized by the _______

tissue

Type __ glycosphingolipids are adsorbed in the RBC membrane

1

Le System
2 antigens

Lea, Leb

Lewis gene are located in chromosome ____

19

Le gene codes for the production of ________ enzyme

fucosyl transferase

needs Le gene only and found in nonsecretor

Lea

What are the three genes needed for Leb

Le, Se, H

Le_b are found in secretor or nonsecretor?

secretor

Which Lewis phenotype is commonly found in cord blood, cancer patients, and pregnant women?

Le (a−b−)

What antigens are present in the Le (a+b−) phenotype?

Only Lewis A

Which Lewis phenotype is associated with non-secretors?

Le (a+b−)

Which phenotype lacks both Lewis A and Lewis B antigens?

Le (a−b−)

Which Lewis phenotype is associated with secretors?

Le (a−b+)

What does a positive result in the agglutination inhibition test indicate?

absence of agglutination and secretor status

Lewis antibodies are most commonly found in individuals with which phenotype?

Le (a−b−)

What class of immunoglobulin are Lewis antibodies usually?

IgM

Why are Lewis antibodies typically considered clinically insignificant?

neutralized by plasma antigens

Which Lewis antibody is most commonly detected?

Anti-Lea

What is unique about the anti-LebH antibody?

Reacts best when both Leb and H antigens are present

What does anti-Le^bL recognize?

Any Leb antigen regardless of ABO type

Associated with receptor of Helicobacter pylori and Norwalk virus

Leab

Marker for Reedsternberg cell

Lex

Increase renal graft and heart disease and susceptibility to infections by Candida and uropathogenci E. coli

Le (a-b-)

Which ISBT system number is associated with the P1PK blood group system?

ISBT 003

Which of the following antigens are part of the P1PK system?

P1, Pk, NOR

Which blood group system includes the antigen PX2?

Globoside (ISBT 028)

The LKE antigen is part of which ISBT collection?

Globoside Collection (ISBT 209)

Which of the following antigens is NOT part of the P1PK system?

PX2

Which system is associated with the antigen P?

Globoside (ISBT 028)

Which are the most common phenotypes in the P blood group system?

P1 and P2

What is true about the expression of the P1 antigen at birth?

poorly expressed

Which antibody may individuals with the P2 phenotype produce?

Anti-P1

Which of the following antibodies is naturally occurring in individuals who are P1-?

Anti-P1

The presence of Anti-PP1Pk antibodies is associated with which condition?

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach

Antigens: P1 and Pk

Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms

Increased incidence of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy

Anti-PP1Pk

Associated with habitual early abortion

Alloanti-P

Also known as Donath-Landsteiner Antibody

Autoanti-P

Cold-reactive IgG autoantibody (Biphasic Hemolysin)

Autoanti-P

Seen in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)

Autoanti-P

The Donath-Landsteiner antibody test is used to detect:

Autoanti-P antibodies

Donath-Landsteiner Ab Test
TUBE 1

37C (control)

Donath-Landsteiner Ab Test

TUBE 2

Incubated at cold temperature, then warmed at 37C

Phenotypically related to the P blood group

Luke (LKE) Antigen

Serve as receptors for P-fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli

P system Ag

Receptor for Parvovirus B19

P Antigen

Receptor for Shiga toxins and enterohemorrhagic Eschericia coli (EHEC)

Pk Antigen

Marker of apoptosis in germinal center B cells, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphoblastic leukemia

Pk Antigen

The P antigen serves as a receptor for which of the following pathogens?

Parvovirus B19

The transition from "i" to "I" in the I blood group represents:

A shift from a linear structure to a branching structure

027 system

I system

The large "I" antigen in the I blood group is characterized by:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Which of the following antibodies is associated with Cold Hemagglutinin Disease?

Anti-I

The "i" antigen is associated with which of the following conditions?

IM and Chronic dyserythropoietic anemia type II

What is the primary association of the Anti-i antibody?

IM

002 system

MNS

The M and N antigens in the MNS system are found on which of the following?

Glycophorin A

The M antigen is differentiated by which amino acids at positions 1 and 5?

serine at position 1 and glycine at position 5

The N antigen is defined by which amino acids at positions 1 and 5?

Leucine at position 1 and glutamic acid at position 5

Which reagent is used to remove bound antibodies to antigens in the MNS system?

ZZAP

The S and s antigens are found on which of the following?

Glycophorin B

The S antigen is defined by which amino acid at position 29?

Methionine

The s antigen is defined by which amino acid at position 29?

Threonine

Which antigen in the MNS system is considered "universal" and located between amino acids 33 and 39 of Glycophorin B?

U antigen

If a person is negative for both S and s antigens, what other antigen will they also be negative for?

U antigen

Which of the following statements is true regarding the S antigen in the MNS system?

methionine at position 29

Which of the following antibodies in MNS system is naturally occurring and primarily IgM?

Anti-M

At which pH does Anti-M antibody react best?

6.5

Which of the following antibodies in MNS system is associated with renal dialysis patients?

Anti-Nf

The Anti-Nf antibody is typically of which immunoglobulin class?

IgM

Which antibody in the MNS system is IgG in nature?

Anti-S

The expression of Anti-S and Anti-s is stronger in which of the following individuals?

homozygous individuals

What phenomenon is associated with the stronger expression of Anti-S and Anti-s in homozygous individuals?

dosage effect

In the context of Dosage Effect, how do reactions differ between homozygous and heterozygous individuals?

Homozygous individuals show stronger reactions than heterozygous

In a Dosage Effect reaction, what is likely to occur when testing a heterozygous individual with Anti-M antibody?

Weak agglutination (2+)

What would the reaction be when testing a homozygous MM individual with Anti-M antibody?

4+

What is the null phenotype in the MNS system?

MkMk

Which of the following systems demonstrate the Dosage Effect, aside from MNS system?

MNS, Duffy, Kidd, Rh (except D), Lutheran

serve as the receptor of pyelonephritogenic strains of E.coli

GPAm

receptor of Plasmodium falciparum in MNS system

M an N

What are the parts of the Kell blood group system?

A

The Kell blood group system was the first to be discovered after the introduction of which testing method?

AHG

The Kell antigen "k" is also known as:

cellano

The "k" antigen in the Kell blood group system is characterized by which of the following?

Public antigen

What is the null phenotype of the Kell blood group system called?

Ko

Kell blood group antigens are found on which of the following?

RBCs

The Kx blood group system has which of the following characteristics?

A single antigen, the Kx antigen

The expression of Kell blood group antigens depends on the presence of which protein?

Kx protein

The Kx system is related to which of the following blood group systems?

Rh and RhAG

The first antibody identified in the Kell blood group system was found in whose serum?

Mrs. Kelleher

Which antigen in the Kell blood group system is a low-incidence antigen?

K

If a person is negative for both K and k antigens, they are likely to have which phenotype?

Ko (null phenotype)

Most common antibody (excluding ABO and Rh)

Anti-K

The most common antibody of the Kell blood group system (excluding ABO and Rh) is:

Anti-K

The Anti-K antibody is of which immunoglobulin class?

IgG

Anti-K can cause which of the following conditions?

HDFN

The McLeod phenotype is characterized by the absence of which of the following substances?

Kx and Km precursor substance

The McLeod phenotype is associated with which of the following conditions?

Acanthocytosis and CGD