Modules #1-3 AP Hug

Reference Map

-FOCUSES ON LOCATIONS

-Typically display boundaries, names, unique identifiers, such as states

-May also show major cultural and physical features, such as roads

Topographic Map

-A type of reference map that shows natural/physical landscape

-Uses graphic representation, such as 3D or isolines, (lines that links different places that share a common value, like elevation) to show Earth’s surface

-Typically shows natural or physical features of landscape

Thematic Map

-Emphasizes on SPATIAL PATTERNS, FOCUSES ON DATA

-Displays a distribution of an attribute, characteristic, or relationship, such as population density, income levels, resources, etc.

Chloropleth Maps

-Shows data collected, often using different colors to represent different values

Cartograms

-DISTORTS geographical shape to show data (show size of specific data point or variable)

-The larger the area, the larger the value

Proportional/Graduated Circle Maps

-Uses symbols (such as sircles or dots) of different sizes to represent numerical values

Dot Density/Distribution Maps

-Uses dots to represent objects and values

-Dots can represent one object or a number of objects

Expansion diffusion

Mainly the idea/trait that moves

Relocation diffusion

Mainly the person/people that moves

Hiearchial Diffusion

-An order when ideas transfer

-The spread of an idea/trend/project from the most influential people, places or organizations down to smaller or less influential groups

-Point A → Point B → Point C

-Ex. Fashion trends on tiktok, polka dots, teal

Contagious diffusion

-Going viral, a rapid spread of an idea

-No order

-Ex. Contagious disease or forest fire

Stimulus Diffusion

-Adaptations

-Item A → Item A, Version 1.5

-Ex. McDonald’s menu being different globally

Hiearchial & Reverse Hiarchial Diffusion

• Occurs when ideas move through an established structure usually from

  • People or place soft power to people/places with less or no power

  • Ex. Rich people adapting trends and trickles down to everyone else

    • Reverse Hiarchial is the opposite relationship

Diffusion

Spread of an idea from one place to another

Types of Thematic Maps

• Chloropleth Maps

• Cartograms

• Proportional/Graduated Circle Maps