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Covalent Bond
the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. examples include hydrogen, oxygen, water, and methane
Electronegativity
an atom’s attraction for electrons in a covalent bond. the more electronegativity it is, the more strongly it pulls the shared electrons toward itself
nonpolar covalent bond
atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bond
one atom is more electronegative. atoms do not share electrons equally
unequal sharing electrons cause partial positive or negative charge or each atom or molecule