sci 8 q2

An ___________ is a sudden shaking of the ground caused by underground masses that suddenly shift in position.

Earthquake

__________ are energy released outward in all directions in the form of spherical wave energy.

Seismic waves

Seismology is the study of __________ and the waves they create.

earthquakes

A __________ is a thin zone of crushed rock separating blocks of the Earth's crust.

fault

The __________ fault is characterized by pulling apart and has a divergent plate boundary.

Normal

A __________ fault, also known as a thrust fault, is found in collision zones and involves compressional stress.

Reverse

Strike-slip faults are characterized by blocks of the earth sliding __________ past one another.

horizontally

The point directly above the focus of an earthquake is called the __________.

epicenter

The __________ is the origin of the earthquake.

focus

Magnitude measures the __________ released from the origin of the earthquake.

energy

Intensity refers to the strength of the __________ made by the earthquakes at a place.

trembling

The __________ scale determines the intensity of an earthquake.

Mercalli

The __________ magnitude scale measures the quantity of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

Richter

Active faults generate earthquakes within __________ years.

10,000

____________ are vibrations generated by an earthquake or explosion that carry energy.

Seismic waves

A __________ is a device that measures and records the vibrations caused by seismic waves.

seismograph

Refraction is when waves move from one medium to a __________ medium.

different

Primary waves or P-waves travel at __________ km/s and can travel through all states of matter.

5.2

Secondary waves or S-waves can only travel in __________ and move rock particles up and down or side-to-side.

solid

The __________ wave is the fastest surface wave that moves the ground from side-to-side.

Love

Rayleigh waves __________ along the ground and cause significant damage during an earthquake.

roll

A __________ zone is an area where no direct P or S waves are detected.

shadow

A tropical cyclone is a system of __________ moving in a circular direction.

thunderstorms

In the __________ basin, cyclones are commonly referred to as hurricanes.

northeastern pacific

The __________ is an abnormal rise of water due to a tropical cyclone.

storm surge

An emergency kit is a collection of __________ that a household should have during an emergency.

basic items

Landforms like tall mountain ranges act as an obstacle to __________ air masses.

traveling

The windward side of a mountain receives more __________ compared to the leeward side.

precipitation

For a typhoon to develop, it requires warm water with a temperature of at least __________ °C.

26.5

Typhoons gain energy from warm ocean water and lose it over __________ water.

cold

Comets originate from the __________ Cloud or the Kuiper Belt.

Oort

Asteroids come from the __________ Belt located between Mars and Jupiter.

Asteroid

The gravitational pull of __________ has affected the formation of the Asteroid Belt.

Jupiter

Asteroids generally have a __________ orbit, while comets have an elongated orbit.

circular

Meteoroids are fragments of __________ or comets.

asteroids

When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they become __________.

meteors

If meteoroids land on Earth, they are referred to as __________.

meteorites

Meteor showers occur when Earth passes through debris left by __________ or asteroids.

comets

The orbits of asteroids are generally more __________ compared to comets.

circular

Comets have __________ orbits.

elliptical

Halley's Comet is known to orbit the Sun every __________ years.

75–76

Asteroids provide insight into the __________ makeup of planets.

chemical

An asteroid impact is believed to have contributed to the extinction of the __________.

dinosaurs

The strength of a typhoon is influenced by high humidity and __________ wind shear.

low

The __________ is a property of waves observed when waves move between different media.

refraction