Skibidi Unit 2

Nomadic Turks

Turkish tribes that lived off animals, eager to trade for goods.

Elites

High-status individuals whose rank was passed down but could be lost without good leadership.

Role of women in nomadic societies

Women had higher status, were skilled in horse riding and archery, and influenced society.

Shaman

Religious specialists in nomadic Turk societies believing in supernatural powers.

Yurts

Large wool tents used by Turkish nomads for living.

Turkish conversion to Islam

Beginning with nomads integrated into Abbasid armies, the conversion spread among clans.

Cavalry forces

Outstanding horse-mounted military units that gave Turks an advantage in warfare.

Khan

Turkic title for 'ruler' or 'commander', often a leader of nomadic tribes.

Seljuk Turks

A powerful nomadic tribe that built a significant empire in Central Asia and the Middle East.

Tughril Beg

Seljuk leader recognized as Sultan by the Abbasid caliphs.

Mahmud of Ghazni

Turkish ruler and founder of the Ghaznavid Empire known for military campaigns in India.

Sultanate of Delhi

Turkish state in India established by Mahmud of Ghazni, claiming control over northern India.

Mongols

Nomadic tribes unified under Genghis Khan, known for their military organization and expansion.

Chinggis Khan

Founder of the Mongol Empire; born Temujin, he unified Mongol tribes.

Temujin

Original name of Genghis Khan, significant unifier of the Mongol tribes.

Mongol takeover of China

Mongols invaded and controlled northern China, capturing capital Jurchen.

Golden Horde

A Mongol Khanate that controlled parts of Eastern Europe and Russia.

Kublai Khan

Genghis Khan's grandson, founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China.

Yuan Dynasty

Dynasty established by Mongols after conquering the Song dynasty.

Kamikaze

The typhoons that thwarted Mongol invasions of Japan.

Sack of Baghdad

Mongol assault resulting in the looting and massacre of many in Baghdad.

Nestorian Christianity

Christianity that spread through the Mongol Empire via trade routes.

Uighurs

Literary Turkish group who served as clerks and administrators for the Mongols.

Mongol decline

Resulted from inability to adapt to governance after conquest.

Decline in Yuan

Economic trouble and rebellions led to the fall of the Yuan dynasty.

Bubonic Plague

Disease spread through trade routes, exacerbated by the Mongol's facilitations.

Tamerlane

Turkish-Mongol conqueror who aimed to rival Genghis Khan's empire.

Osman

Founder of the Ottoman Empire in northwestern Anatolia.

Ottomans

Followers of Osman, known for their extensive and long-lasting empire.

Mehmed II

Ottoman Sultan known for conquering Constantinople, ending Byzantine rule.

Battle of Manzikert

Seljuk victory over the Byzantine Empire in 1071.

Chooses and installs bishops

Conflict called Investiture Contest between the Church and state.

Pilgrimage

A holy journey undertaken by religious believers.

Reconquista

Christian campaign against Muslim kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula.

Saladin

Founder of Ayyubid dynasty, notable for opposition to the Crusaders.

Three Estates

Broad social classes in medieval Europe: clergy, nobility, and commoners.

Guilds

Associations of craftsmen or merchants for mutual aid and professional interests.

Holy Roman Empire

Polity in Central and Western Europe lasting until 1806.

Franciscans

Religious order known for helping the poor, founded by St. Francis.

Dominicans

Religious order focused on preaching and combating heresy.

Hanseatic League

Trading alliance formed by North German towns.

Marco Polo

Venetian explorer who traveled through Asia and wrote about it.

Chivalry

Code of conduct associated with medieval knights.

Zheng He

Ming dynasty admiral who led massive maritime expeditions.

Silk Road

Trade routes connecting East and West, known for luxury goods exchange.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade routes across the Sahara facilitating exchange of gold and slaves.

Cultural consequences of trade

Increased cultural interaction and spread of religions like Islam.

Environmental consequences of trade

Spread of diseases like the bubonic plague due to increased connectivity.

Diasporic communities

Communities formed from migrants that maintain their cultural identity.

Gold trade

Exchange of gold for salt across the Sahara, critical for economy.

Great Zimbabwe

Wealthy medieval city known for trade in gold and ivory.

Mansa Musa

Mali's ruler famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca and vast wealth.

Ife

Ancient African city known for its remarkable sculptures.

Zanj revolt

Major slave uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate.

Benin

West African kingdom that obtained wealth from trans-Saharan trade.

Kebra Nagast

Ethiopian epic linking monarchy to biblical lineage.

Mali Empire

Powerful African state known for wealth from gold and trade.

Swahili

Coastal city-states known for trade and a blend of cultural influences.

Jenne-Jeno

One of the earliest urban centers in Sub-Saharan Africa.