Global Economic Development

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts about global economic development and imperialism from the lecture notes.

What does President Millard Fillmore emphasize about Peruvian guano in his 1850 statement?

It is vital for agriculture in the United States and should be imported at a reasonable price.

What were the main motives driving imperialism between 1750 and 1900?

Economic interests, including the demand for raw materials, new markets, and low-wage labor.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact transportation?

It introduced railroads that significantly lowered transportation costs for raw materials.

What was the significance of the British railroads in colonies like India?

They facilitated the export of raw materials and favored the interests of colonizers.

What role did steamships play in global trade during the 19th century?

They enabled the transportation of goods, people, and mail on rivers and across oceans.

What was the main agricultural practice in Asia and Africa before European colonization?

Subsistence farming, where people grew food mainly for their own consumption.

What are cash crops and how did they affect traditional farming in colonies?

Crops like tea, cotton, and rubber were grown for sale instead of food, leading to food shortages.

How did the American Civil War impact global cotton production?

It created a shortage of cotton, prompting farmers worldwide to increase cotton production.

What innovation did Charles Goodyear contribute to the rubber industry?

He developed vulcanization, which improved the quality of rubber.

What was the impact of palm oil production in Africa under imperialism?

It became a cash crop, often relying on enslaved labor for its production.

Why was ivory highly valued during the 19th century?

It was prized for its beauty and durability, used in various luxury goods.

What were the consequences of monoculture agriculture due to imperialism?

It led to a lack of agricultural diversity, soil depletion, and increased vulnerability to pests.

Who was Cecil Rhodes and what was his role in imperialism?

A British imperialist whose policies and mining ventures significantly impacted Southern Africa.

How did technology facilitate global economic development in the 19th century?

Technological advancements in transportation and communication enabled more efficient trade and resource extraction.