Chapter 6-Tissues (copy)

Multicellular Organisms

Organisms made up of many cells with specialized functions.

Tissue

A collection of cells that have structural similarities and/or cooperate to perform a certain function.

Meristematic Tissue

Tissue in plants that is capable of cell division and growth, found in specific areas of the plant.

Apical Meristem

Meristematic tissue located at the tips of roots and stems, responsible for increase in length.

Lateral Meristem

Tissue that leads to an increase in the girth of the stem or root.

Intercalary Meristem

Located near the nodes of the plant, it promotes stem elongation.

Differentiation

The process whereby cells take on a permanent shape, size, and function, resulting in specialized permanent tissues.

Permanent Tissue

Tissues that are made up of cells that have lost the ability to divide after taking on specific functions.

Simple Permanent Tissue

Permanent plant tissues made of similar types of cells, like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Complex Permanent Tissue

Permanent plant tissues made of more than one type of cell, working together as a unit, such as xylem and phloem.

Parenchyma

A type of simple permanent tissue that is usually involved in storage and has loosely packed cells.

Collenchyma

A type of tissue providing flexibility and support in plants, characterized by living cells with thickened corners.

Sclerenchyma

Tissue that provides rigidity and strength to plants, made up of dead, lignified cells.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells covering plants, providing protection.

Stomata

Tiny pores on the leaf epidermis surrounded by guard cells, facilitating gas exchange.

Guard Cells

Specialized cells surrounding stomata that regulate their opening and closing, controlling gas exchange and water loss.

Xylem

Complex tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals in plants.

Phloem

Tissue responsible for transporting food from leaves to other parts of plants.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers and protects body surfaces and cavities, forming continuous sheets with minimal intercellular space.

Connective Tissue

Tissue characterized by loosely spaced cells embedded in an intercellular matrix.

Blood

A fluid connective tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Plasma

The straw-coloured fluid matrix of blood, containing proteins, salts, hormones, and water.

Muscular Tissue

Tissue responsible for body movement, composed of elongated cells known as muscle fibers.

Cardiac Muscles

Involuntary muscles found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.