BIOLOGY 2 CHAPTER 22

1. Which of the following statements best describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Darwin's theory emphasized that populations vary and change over time.

2. Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification?

South American temperate plants are more similar to South American tropical plants than to European temperate ones.

Which of the following observations would provide evidence supporting Lamarck's proposed evolutionary mechanism of "inheritance of acquired characteristics"?

A decrease in tail length in dogs after 20 generations of dogs that had their tails docked (cut off) as puppies.

Which of the following is an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?

Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.

Which of the following observations helped Darwin agree with Lyell that Earth was more than a few thousand years old?

Experiencing an earthquake and seeing fossils of ocean organisms high in the Andes.

6. Which of the following statements best describes evolution?

Populations change genetically from one generation to the next.

Which of the following is an example of the pattern of evolution?

The fossil record of the evolution of modern cetaceans

Why do anatomical and molecular features often fit a similar nested pattern?

All life within a group shares some features with its ancestor and adds its own features, resulting in a nested pattern.

Which process that can cause this is not the case?

Convergent evolution.

Convergent evolution description

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in distantly related lineages. It occurs when distantly related organisms obtain a shared trait due to dependent needs. Such resemblance is said to be analogous. Therefore, species with traits that appeared convergently do not have a common ancestor.

Darwin set out to explain three key observations about life. What are those three
observations?

a. Organisms are well suited (adapted) for life in their environments (Here and
throughout this text, the term environment refers to other organisms as well as to the
physical aspects of an organism’s surroundings.)
b. The many shared characteristics (unity) of life.
c. The rich diversity of life.

Which of the following statements about vestigial structures is accurate?

A vestigial structure in species A can be homologous to a functional structure in species B.

Of the following anatomical structures, which is most homologous to the bones in the wings of a bird?

Bones in the flippers of a whale.