Communicable Diseases and Integumentary Disorders Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to communicable diseases, immunizations, and hematologic and oncologic disorders, as outlined in the lecture notes.

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Active immunity occurs when the body produces its own antibodies after exposure to an antigen, while passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from another source.

What are key vaccines to know for children?

Hep B, DTaP, Rotavirus, Hib, IPV, Pneumococcal, MMR, Varicella, Influenza.

What is a key nursing intervention for measles?

Isolate the patient (airborne precautions) and monitor for complications.

What disease is characterized by a 'slapped-cheek' rash?

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum).

How is Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease characterized?

By a vesicular rash on palms, soles, and oral mucosa.

What are the types of dermatitis discussed in the notes?

Atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, and diaper dermatitis.

What causes iron deficiency anemia?

Risk factors include prematurity, excessive cow’s milk, poor iron intake, and rapid growth.

What are the key findings of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?

Severe pain, anemia, delayed growth, jaundice, splenomegaly.

What does the treatment for Hemophilia include?

Administering factor replacement during bleeding episodes and using RICE for joint bleeds.

What is the common sign of brain tumors in children?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) symptoms such as headache, vomiting, irritability, and lethargy.

What precautions should be taken for a patient with HIV?

Start early antiretroviral therapy (ART) and provide nutrition and infection prevention.

What is the main nursing care for a patient with Mononucleosis?

Encourage rest, hydration, and a soft diet.

What is a key sign of Scarlet Fever?

Fine, sandpaper-like rash and strawberry tongue.

What are interventions for managing Lead Poisoning?

Remove the source of exposure, provide chelation therapy for high levels, and nutritional support.

What should be monitored in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

Nausea, vomiting, mucositis, fatigue, immunosuppression.