Chemistry Metallic Bonding and Reactivity

General equation for the reaction of alkali metals with oxygen

Metal + oxygen --> Metal Oxide

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen? (Include state symbols)

4Na(s) + O2(g) --> 2Na2O(s)

General equation for the reaction of alkali metals with water

Metal + Water --> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of potassium with water? (Include state symbols)

2K(s) + 2H20(l) --> 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

What would you observe when lithium metal reacts with water containing universal indicator solution? (4 points)

Lithium moves slowly on the surface of the water
Fizzing
The metal gets smaller and eventually disappears
Universal indicator turns purple

What would you observe when sodium metal reacts with water containing universal indicator solution? (5 points)

Sodium moves quickly on the surface of the water
Fizzing
Sodium melts to form a ball
The metal gets smaller and eventually disappears
Universal indicator turns purple

What would you observe when potassium metal reacts with water containing universal indicator solution? (6 points)

Potassium moves very quickly on the surface
Fizzing
Potassium melts to form a ball
A lilac flame
The metal gets smaller and eventually disappears
Universal indicator turns purple

What is the trend in reactivity down Group 1

Reactivity increases as you go down the group

Why does reactivity increase down Group 1?

Down the group, the number of electron shells increases.
The outer electron is therefore further away from the nucleus and is lost more easily. There is more shielding as you go further down the group.

How would the reaction of Caesium with water compare with that of Potassium?

Much more vigorous reaction. It is explosive.

Group 1 melting points

Decrease as you go down the group

Metallic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.

Positive ion

Cation

Metallic Bonding Structure

Giant metallic lattice

Metal melting and boiling points

High.
The attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons is very strong so a lot of thermal energy is required to break the bonds.

Metal conductivity

Conductive in solid or liquid.
They contain delocalised electrons which are mobile, and free to move and carry charge.

Are metals malleable and ductile?

Yes.
This is because the metal ions are arranged in a regular lattice structure in layers which can slide over each other when a force is applied.

Oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen:

Oxidation is gain of oxygen.

Reduction is loss of oxygen.

Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons:

Oxidation

Is

Loss of electrons

Reduction

Is

Gain of electrons

Redox reaction:

A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation occur.

Oxidising Agent:

A substance that causes oxidation, whilst it is itself reduced

Reducing agent:

A substance that causes reduction, whilst it is itself oxidised.

A more reactive metal...

displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

Reactivity series:

Please

Start

Carrying

Monkeys

And

Zebras

Into

(Happy)

Cute

Small

Gardens

Metal + acid -->

salt + hydrogen

Colours of

Cu²⁺

Fe²⁺

Fe³⁺

Blue

Green

Brown