Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor (30th of January, 1933)

On what date was Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany?

30th of January, 1933

Who was the German President who appointed Hitler?

President Paul von Hindenburg

Who was Hitler's main conservative rival and the previous Chancellor?

Franz von Papen

What percentage of the vote did the Nazi Party have at the time of Hitler’s appointment?

33%. They were the largest party but did not have a majority.

What global event triggered Germany’s economic collapse (1929–33)?

The Wall Street Crash (October 1929).

What was the peak number of unemployed people in Germany by 1933?

Over 6 million people.

How did the the Nazi vote share change between 1928 and 1932?

It significantly increased from 2.6% in 1928 to 37% in 1932.

How many Jewish people were killed during the Holocaust?

An estimated 6 million Jews.

Why was Germany especially vulnerable to the Great Depression?

Depended on American loans (Dawes Plan).

What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)?

Stripped Jews of citizenship and banned intermarriage.

What is the German term for “people’s community” that Nazis aimed to create?

Volksgemeinschaft

What was the political blunder by von Paper and Hidenburg?

They believed they could control Hitler by appointing him Chancellor in a government full of traditional conservatives.

How did the Great Depression directly help the Nazi Party?

Caused mass unemployment, ruined faith in democratic government, and led voters to extremist parties.

Which historian emphasises the Great Depression as decisive for Hitler’s rise?

Ian Kershaw

Which groups were excluded from the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft?

Jews, Roma, disabled people, homosexuals.

What was the Final Solution?

Nazi plan for organised extermination of Jews (1939-45).

What was the demographic effect of the Holocaust?

Global Jewish population not recovering to pre-war level even by 2020.

What new state was created in 1948 as a result of the Jewish refugee crisis?

Israel

What were the psychological effects on survivors?

Lifelong trauma, with stress effects carried into future generations.

Why was the Great Depression more significant than the Holocaust as a cause/consequence?

The Great Depression enabled Hitler’s rise in the first place. Without it, the Holocaust might have not happened.

What years would Hitler rule over Germany and Europe?

1933 to 1945

What did former chancellor, Franz von Papen believe would happen by making Hitler chancellor?

They could bring stability to Germany and stop the spread of communism.