community psych ch 14,

define public policy

the laws, regulations, course of action, and funding priorites issued by the government to address a social issue at the local, state, and national level

• impacts all parts of life, entire life

what is public policy influenced by?

advocacy

• involves active promotion of a cause or prinicple involving actions that lead to a selected goal

second-order change 

• involves initiating more structural, long term and sustainable transformational changes

what are the names of the 4-stages in the policymaking process?

agenda setting

• the process by which social problems and the solutions to these problems gain or lose the attention of policymakers or the public

policy formation and adoption

• the second phase of the policy process in which a policy solution to address a social issue is adopted

policy implementation

• the third phase of the policy proccess in which a specific policy is executed 

  • requires funds/funding to make true effect in communites

policy evaluation and revision

• the last phase of the policy process in which a policy is evaluated to determine wheter it sucessfully addressed a social issue, and whether it can be improved to more effectively address the social issue

which stage in policymaking process requires funding?

policy implementation

what are the 3 ‘streams’ community psychologists use to bring attention to impactful issues?

problem stream

• the range of a social issues that may affect a given population

policy stream

• the potential solutions that can address a social issue and the costs of these solutions

political stream

• the level of public concern to actually devoted time and resources to one of these topics and possible solutionscoo

what are the names of the methods community psychologists use for influencing public policy?

conceptual research

• research that is used to educate policymakers and stakeholders on social issues and propose possible solutions

  • ex: Brown v Board of Education

instrumental research

• research used to persuade policymakers to adopt a specific policy

consultation

• using expertise and skills to provide advice, and support to other organizations looking to make decisions or change something within their organization

  • ex: human trafficking and domestic terrorism

coalition-building

• primary mechanism through which disempowered parties cna develop their power-base and thereby defend their interests

media and written communication

• shares knowledge to media to influence public policy

  • ex: radio, local/national news, television, podcasts

which approach is most commonly used and begins with grassroots efforts?

bottom up approach

• an approach to community change that originates with community members rather than experts

  • most commonly used

  • embraces values of community

  • begins at grassroot level

    • individuals at the ground level of a community or an organization are brought into key roles in intervenetion design and planning

  • ex: community garden started by residents

which approach provides necessary resources?

top down approach

• an approach to community change that originates with experts, community leaders, and other individuals in power

  • benefit of using experts on issue

  • risk of experts not being from community

  • risk of reinforcing harmful power dynamics

  • provides needed resources (funding/expertise)

  • does not work in all settings

    • ex: utilizing professional services in fields related to issue

what are the names of the 4 points of action in the cycle of community organization?

assessment

• group meets to discuss issue, experiences with issue

• check resource availablitiy

research

• gather data/information from community

• speak to residents and leaders to determine community goals

mobilization (action)

• raising awareness about issue within the community to as many as possible

• put plan for addressing issue into play while looking for more resources

• may participate in protests, publish opinion pieces in local paper/social media

• may create campaign page to share community experiences

reflection

• reflection on what worked and what did not work

• provides set up for “assessment phase” to restart cycle

define community readiness

degree to which the community is prepared for the behavioral and social changes that are intended by the intervention

• if community not rady, changes may not be sustainable over time

what are the names of the 9 community readiness stages?

1.) no awareness

2.) denial/resistance

3.) vague awareness

4.) preplanning

5.) preparation

6.) initiation

7.) stabilization

8.) expansion/confirmation

9.) community ownership

what contributes to burnout within community organization/psychologists?

• exhaustion, pressure, lack of support

• lack of satisfaction in work, stress, high workload

• inadequate rewards, lack of fairness, disagreement in org values

define burnout

a feeling of overall exhaustion that results from too much pressure and not enough sources of satisfaction or support

define small wins

progress that occurs when breaking down a goal into manageable parts

who can be identified as oppressors to communities?

can be singular person, government systems, etc.

what kind of change focuses on limitations communities face?

needs-based strategies

• addressing the needs of a population, suhc as adequate health care or racial, economic, social, and educational justice

  • focus on limitations faced to provide needs

what are 3 means of change?

working in partnership with

• important to keep hierarchy from forming in community partnership

• should not be seen as above/greater than

assessing and working onself through self-purification

• important to do internal work

• must examine own imbalances, flaws, virtues, motivations

exposing and changing the oppressice power structures

• no definitive rules to liberation

define self-purification

an examination of one’s own true motivations, flaws, virtues, and willingness to sacrifice when engaging in activism

define critical kinship

the idea of being critical while also seeing the opposition as kin

what words should be avoided when speaking to oppressed communites?

disenfranchised, vulnerable, marginalized, poor, high risk

what 3 things can be used to make change sustainable within communities?

alternative settings

• a novel, new community of people that are allowed to live freely and pursue what matters on the individual and group levels

logic model

• a hypothesized description of the process, step by step, of how a prevention or promotion intervention should work

mutual education

• liberating education between psychologists and community members accomplished through a cycle of open dialogue, dissemination, dialogue, repreat

how many young adults Kelsey’s age are currently living with behavioral and emotional disabilities in the US?

more than 2 million

what is the name of the program helping Kelsey graduate high school?

RENEW

what did Kelsey have the most trouble asking for?

asking for help

what university asked Kelsey to speak on her experience?

george washington university