Week 1: Big Questions and Basics of Cell Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on cell biology, focusing on the mind-body problem, neuron types, genetics, and epigenetics.

What is MONISM in the context of the mind-body problem?

It assumes that our mind and body are made out of the same substances.

What is DUALISM in the context of the mind-body problem?

It assumes that our mind and body are separate entities.

What is solipsism?

An extreme extension of the mind-body problem, suggesting that the world is strictly a creation of the mind.

What are the two types of nervous system cells?

Neurons and glia.

What is the primary role of neurons?

Convey messages over long distances and are the primary focus of neuroscience.

How do astrocytes support neuron function?

They synchronize activity between neurons, remove waste material, and dilate blood vessels during times of high activity.

What do Schwann cells do in the nervous system?

They myelinate neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System.

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

They myelinate neurons in the Central Nervous System.

What is the role of radial glia during brain development?

They guide developing neurons to their correct place in the brain.

What is saltatory conduction?

The process by which action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, speeding up electrical transmission.

What is the difference between sex-linked and autosomal genes?

Sex-linked genes are found on the X or Y chromosome, while autosomal genes are found on one of the other 22 pairs.

What percentage of males are red/green colorblind?

Approximately 8%.

What do genes primarily code for?

They code for the production of mRNA, which then codes for the synthesis of proteins.

What does PKU stand for and what is it?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic condition resulting from a buildup of phenylalanine due to the absence of an enzyme.

What is epigenetics?

Changes to how our genes express over time as a result of experience.