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Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Etiology
The study of the causes or origins of health-related issues, including biological, psychological, and social factors.
Health psychologist roles
Health promotion and maintenance, prevention and treatment of illness, etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction.
Health psychology focus
To understand behavioral factors of health and find effective therapy/methods to change behavior to reduce risks and optimize health.
Behavioral medicine
An interdisciplinary field focusing on the relationship between health and behavior.
Early concept of disease
Evil spirits cause illness.
Middle Ages concept of disease
God’s punishment for wrong doings.
Mind-body connection
The idea that psychological factors can affect physical factors, and vice versa.
Psychosomatic medicine
Disorders and diseases that can be caused by emotional conflict, such as stress leading to ulcers.
Gradient of reinforcement
Greater time between behavior and reinforcement weakens the behavior reinforcement.
Delayed gratification
The time lag between behavior and reinforcement.
Asymptomatic conditions
Lead to lower treatment compliance.
Current shifts in health
More attention on social determinants and an increase in use of alternative, holistic, and complementary approaches to health and healing.
Commodification of Indigenous and Traditional Medicines
The process of treating Indigenous and traditional medical practices as market commodities.
Biomedical model
Illness is defined as an abnormal bodily process, with psychological and social processes considered minimally relevant.
Biopsychosocial model
Health and illness are the consequences of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Systems theory
All levels of biological, social, and psychological processes are linked, meaning changes in one area will affect changes at other levels.
Morbidity
The number of cases of a disease at a given point in time.
Mortality
The number of deaths due to specific causes.