Oce1001 - UF Final

What is your latitude?

20 Degrees N

Which of the following is NOT true about a scientific theory?

It is factual

Referring to the map below, what is the name of the ocean labeled B?

Southern

The prime meridian splits the earth into….

Eastern and Western Hemispheres

You are at and sea and observe that when the sun is at its zenith, your watch set to Greenwich time reads 4 pm. What is your longitude?

60 Degrees W

Which is densest?

A 2kg solution that occupies a volume 1 cm3

A speed of 5 knots is ________ than 5 mph because a nautical mile is _________ than/as a mile.

faster, larger

How did Eratosthenes calculate the circumference of the Earth?

Using geometry and shadows cast by sun during the solstice

A large part of the profits of Phonician traders came from the sale of:

purple dye

British sailors are known as 'limeys' because they brought limes on board long marine expeditions in an effort to avoid

scurvy

The major reason the early explorers were seeking a route to the East Indies (Southeast Asia) was:

To make money

It is now thought likely that the peopling of Oceania occurred from West to East because of all BUT:

predominant ocean currents and wind patterns

Greek thinkers in 300 BC suspected the Earth was a sphere because of all but the following:

Phoenician explorers had sailed all the way around the Earth

The universe's observable mass consists mostly of hydrogen atoms. The lighter elements we see around us (mass of iron and lighter) were ________ .

produced by fusion reactions in stars

How old is the Earth?

4\.6 billion years

Which of these is NOT true about Prokaryotes?

their genetic material is found in a nuclei

Which of these is NOT a reason for believing life would have begun in the ocean?

Similarity of ocean chemistry to our bodily fluids

Of the choices below, which is the mostly original and predominant source of the water that became the Earth's oceans?

Condensation of water out-gassed by volcanoes

The Nebula Hypothesis describes the formation of our:

Sun and solar system

The correct order of earth layers, from most to least dense, is:

core, mantle, ocean crust, continental crust

The most abundant physiographic features on the Earth are:

Abyssal Hills

How do satellites sense the bathymetric contours (depths) of the ocean bottom from space?

By using radar to measure the height of the sea surface

About how deep is the deepest spot in the world's oceans?

About 11km?

On the ocean basin cross-section shown in the figure, what is the geographic feature labeled "D"?

Continental rise

Is the East coast of S. America active or passive?

Passive

Is the West coast of S. America active or passive?

Active

Examine this map of sea floor ages. When can it be concluded that the full Atlantic seaway (north and south Atlantic) was opened?

About 100 million years ago

In this map of Earth's tectonic plates, which direction is point C moving relative to point D?

Southeast

The magnetic reversal pattern in seafloor crustal rocks ____________.

provided strong evidence for seafloor spreading

During which time period did the theory of plate tectonics become widely accepted?

1960-70s

What is the name of the supercontinent that Florida was attached to prior to joining Pangea?

Gondwana

Roughly how fast do most lithospheric plates move, on average?

About 5 centimeters per year

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a ________ .

divergent plate boundary

Which of the following mountains did NOT form as a result of collision between two continents?

Andes

The width of the "magnetic stripes" recorded in the oceanic crust reflects _________ .

Both timing of reversals and the rate of sea floor spreading

Hotspots occur only below ocean crust.

false

The Exclusive Economic Zone of the U.S. extends about how many nautical miles from the U.S. coasts?

200

Which type of sediments are the most abundant?

terrigenous

Which of the following micro-organism(s) builds their shells out of calcium carbonate, is photosynthetic, and is the most abundant fossilized organism?

coccolithophores

What was concentrated in 65 million year old marine sediment that led to the most widely accepted hypothesis for the cause of the dinosaur mass extinction?

cosmogenic sediment

Although rivers always carry dilute salts to the ocean, seawater salinity is not continuously increasing because of which main salt removal process that was discovered relatively recently?

hydrothermal circulation

What is the cause of the high salinity region labeled 'A'?

The latitude is arid

Which is NOT true?

Two water molecules are attracted because of covalent bonds

A substance such as water that is slow to heat or cool has a high:

heat capacity

What does the curve marked by the letter "A" on the figure represent?

Polar zone thermocline

When air is cooled, it:

contracts, sinks, heats up and will be able to hold more moisture

When air is heated, it:

rises, expands, cools and will lose its moisture

If a missile in the northern hemisphere is shot northward at a target, the Coriolis Effect will:

cause it to land east of its target

Which of the global wind belts dominates between the Earth system between 65 degrees north and 80 degrees north?

the polar easterlies

If you were on an island located at 15 degrees South, what wolud be the predominant wind?

southeasterlies

In coastal regions, daytime heating will result in a (an):

On-shore sea breeze

The ultimate energy source driving surface ocean circulation is…

Sun only

Which of these is NOT a major obstacle to generating and using significant power from ocean currents?

low potential power yields

Based on ocean currents, which of these places would you expect to have a similar climate?

Spain and Peru

Which currents transport heat poleward?

western boundary currents

Which of the following situations will lead to marine upwelling?

a wind blowing from south to north along the west coast of Peru

Which would NOT be typical of El Nino conditions?

cooler waters off the coast of Peru

Which of the following is NOT a cause of storm surge associated with hurricanes?

the higher elevation center of ocean gyres moves landward

The average travel time for ocean water on the 'global conveyer belt' is about:

1000 years

A sudden cooling of the temperature latitude climate (The Day after Tomorrow Effect) may be caused by…

melting of polar ice caps which shuts down thermohaline circulation

You are in a boat in the Gulf of Mexico in 50 m depth water. You observe a wave crest passing every 10 seconds with 20 m between each crest. What is the speed of the wave?

2 m/sec

As a deep-water wave passes, water particles in the surface move

in circular orbits

At what water depth will a deepwater wave with a wavelength of 10 meters FIRST begin to be slowed by interaction with the bottom?

5m

Which type of large waves form because of constructive interference and other specialized conditions.

rogue wave

At which shoreline orientation in the figure above would the waves break closest to the shore (dashed line is sea surface)?

C

Because of _________ , most waves reach the beach with wave crests that are roughly parallel to the shoreline.

refraction

How much time will there be between successive tsunami wave crests, given a wavelength of 200 km and speed of 600 km/hour?

20 min

Which geological settings give rise to tsunami most frequently?

Ocean-Ocean convergent plate boundaries

Tides that occur during half moons are called:

neap tides

Tides are ______ because they have very _______ compared to the depth of the ocean.

shallow water waves; long wavelengths

If there is no moon (the new moon) tonight, in about how many days will the NEXT spring tide occur?

14

What is the correct sequence in the erosion of a headland?

headland, cave, arch, stack

Which of the following are NOT features found on erosional coasts?

seamount

In the coastal profile shown, the feature shown at Location B is:

An arch

In the beach profile shown, what is the feature labeled C?

Berm

____________ refers to the movement of sand grains along the beach in a zigzag pattern.

Beach drift

The presence of a rip-current may be indicated by all EXCEPT:

waves approaching the beach at at high angle

Which of the following is NOT an example of a hard stabilization structure

beach nourishment

Which of the following is NOT a typical problem associated with engineered efforts to prevent erosion?

they disrupt marine mammal migration

What is the direction of longshore transport in the photo?

Toward the bottom

The difference between marine biology and biological oceanography is that the first is the study of ______ and the second in the study of ________ .

specific organisms that live in the ocean, the interaction of marine organisms with the marine environment

Which of these is NOT a way that variations in populations occur which may lead to new species, i.e. evolution?

Gene conversion

The idea that biological traits become more or less common through variation in reproductive success is called:

Natural selection

Compared to the terrestrial environment, the oceanic has:

about the same primary productivity and much less biomass

A floating heterotrophic animal might be classified as a:

zooplankton

How many kilograms of phytoplankton, would it take to produce 1 kg of tuna (assuming tuna eat only pollock which eat only herbivorous zooplankton)?

1000kg

Which of the following is a simplified statement of the photosynthesis reaction?

water + carbon dioxide + energy ? organic matter + oxygen

Which is NOT true? Phytoplankton will spend more time in the sunlight when….

they have a low surface area to volume ratio

The spring bloom occurs when both:

light and nutrients become available

Which type of organism most commonly has an air-filled swim bladder?

A zooplankton-eating fish

Which of the following strategies for coping with ocean salinity is used by most marine invertebrate organisms?

be isotonic

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation used by marine mammals to cope with cold water temperatures?

specialized fats that remain liquid at low T

This organisms is a member of which phylum?

Brachiopoda

This organism is a member of which phylum? (2)

Arthropoda

Which of the following is a taxonomic Class that includes sharks and rays?

Chondrichthyes

Which of the following is the Class of fish that is most diverse (has the largest number of species)?

Osteichthyes

Which whale is most endangered?

Right

Which of these is taxonomically most closely related?

Walrus & Sea Lion

What is the phylum of this organism?

Echinodermata

Which of these does NOT include a type of reef-building organism?

Echinoderms