Gametogenesis & Fertilization

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to animal reproduction, including gametogenesis, fertilization processes, and structures of sperm and egg cells.

Gametes are also known as __.

Reproductive cells.

The process of sperm production is called __.

Spermatogenesis.

Meiosis I leads to the formation of __ spermatocytes.

Primary.

In oogenesis, the primary oocyte is arrested in __ until fertilization.

Metaphase II.

The outermost layer of an egg is the __ layer.

Jelly.

The __ is formed from extracellular matrix molecules in mammalian eggs.

Zona pellucida.

The first polar body formed during oogenesis __ after its creation.

Degenerates.

Mature sperm cells are referred to as __ cells.

Sperm.

The acrosomal reaction is triggered when a sperm cell contacts an __.

Egg.

The __ reaction occurs immediately after sperm binding to the egg.

Cortical.

Sperm must __ with the egg for fertilization to occur.

Fuse.

The process of meiosis resulting in sperm creation involves __ phases.

Two (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).

The midpiece of a sperm cell contains __ for energy.

Mitochondria.

Secondary oocytes are produced from __.

Primary oocytes.

The __ granules are filled with enzymes to assist in fertilization.

Cortical.

Sperm cells recognize and bind to each other through __ proteins.

Sperm-binding.

The fusion of sperm and egg triggers the onset of __.

Development.

The zygote is formed when a sperm cell and an egg cell __.

Combine.

The jelly layer dissolves due to the action of __ enzymes from the sperm.

Hydrolytic.

In mammals, the egg is referred to as a __.

Mature ovum.

Oogonia give rise to primary oocytes during __.

Development.

The plasma membrane of the egg cell must __ with the sperm for successful fertilization.

Fuse.

The __ layer protects the egg before fertilization.

Vitelline.

Ca2+ release stimulates the __ reaction in the egg.

Cortical.

Polyspermy is blocked by the hardening of the __ layer after fertilization.

Vitelline.

Egg coatings include the jelly layer, the vitelline envelope, and the __.

Zona pellucida.

The __ of a sperm cell contains the genetic material.

Nucleus.

During fertilization, the egg and sperm must be at the __ place at the same time.

Same.