Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalism

Belief that each person has a role for societal equilibrium

Systems Theory

Focuses on individuals acting as a system, incorporating feedback and stability

Family-unit Subsystem

Members sharing a household

Interpersonal Subsystem

Relationships between individuals (e.g., wife and husband, mom and child)

Personal Subsystem

Interaction between an individual and family members

Symbolic Interaction

Behavior based on self-perceptions and perceptions of others

Exchange Theory

Decision-making based on costs and benefits

Life-Course Approach Theory

Considers biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors influencing development

Conflict Theory

Focuses on societal cohesion through power dynamics

Feminist Theory

Explores social inequalities between men and women

Radical feminism

argues that differences between man and women results in relationships being exploitative

Social feminist

inequality is rooted in the sexual division of paid and unpaid labor (challenges both capitalism and the patriarchal model of the family) 

Liberal feminist

changing political means to even out gender rights

Ecological Systems Theory

Considers external influences on developmental behavior

Microsystem

Individuals as systems developing behaviors to meet needs

Mesosystem

Small groups like family and friends

Exosystem

Socio-economic environment, including extended family and school

Macrosystem

Socio-cultural environment of the person's society