Intro to Biology test 18 Aug

Independent variable

Variable that YOU are changing (what is tested/manipulated)

Dependent variable

What is measured/outcome, might be affected by ind. var.

Constant/Control

What remains unchanged in an experiment

Control group

The group that does not receive the treatment of the Ind. Var (not to be confused w/control variables)

Scientific Method

1. make an observation
2. Ask a question
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Test your hypothesis
5. Analyze results
6. record the results against hyp
7. Make a conclusion

The atoms in water are held together by _

covalent bonds

Specific heat

amount of heat needed that must be absorbed or lost before a substance actually changes temperature

Water has a very __ specific heat

high

Why is it that on a hot summer day on the beach, the sand is hot on your feet but the water is still cool?

Water has a high specific heat

Ice is __ dense than water.

less

Why is ice less dense than water?

As water freezes, the polarity causes hydrogen bonds to stay maintained as they spread, creating air gaps. This also causes the expansion of water as it freezes.

Capillary Action

The ability water has to flow up against gravity due to cohesion and adhesionC

Cohesion

When two like molecules stick together

Adhesion

When two unlike molecules stick together

Water develops a meniscus in a test tube due to __

adhesion

Polar molecule

An molecule that has both a positive and a negative region, causing it to stick together

Solvent

A liquid that dissolves a particle

Solute

Particle that gets dissolved in the solvent

In salt water, the solute is _ and the solvent is …

salt, water

Water is known as the universal ___

solvent

Surface Tension

A measure of the force necessary to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Why can some insects walk/run on water?

Surface Tension

Heat of Vaporization

The cooling of a surface occurs when the liquid evaporates

As water boils, it generates steam. As the steam leaves the water it brings the heat with it, cooling the water. This is an example of __

Heat of Vaporization

Your body sweats so that the water will absorb the heat that will then evaporate to cool you. This is an example of ___

Heat of Vaporization

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called?

monosaccharide

What is a carbohydrate polymer called?

Polysaccharide

Amylose and starch are examples of

polysaccharides

glucose is an example of

monosaccharide

What three elements make up carbohydrates?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

Quick energy, energy storage, form cells walls, form exoskeletons

Potatoes, seeds, bread, noodles, and cake are examples of which macronutrient?

Carbohydrates

Why is there no such thing as a monomer for lipids?

All lipids are polymers (more than one segment)

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

In unsaturated fat, one of the carbons doesn’t bond and causes it to bend

What three elements are found in lipids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms

Which fat is solid at room temp?

Saturated

Which fat is liquid at room temp?

UnsaturatedW

What is the function of fats?

provide long term energy, make up cell membranes, and produces bodily steroids

What is the function of phospholipids?

Provides a protective layer around our cells

What is the monomer of a protein called?

Amino AcidW

What is a protein polymer called?

Polypeptide

Hemoglobin and insulin are examples of

protein polymers

What elements are in proteins?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur atoms

What are a few functions of proteins?

Form cell structures, produces hormones to regulate cell processes, transport substances in and out of cells, and defends against disease

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid called?

Nucleotide

What is a Nucleic Acid Polymer called?

Nucleic Acid

DNA and RNA are examples of

Nucleic Acids

Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine, Tyrosine are examples of

nucleotides

What elements are in nucleic acids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms.

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Stores and transmits genetic info