Biology Final Exam Review

Learned Behavior

Can change

Abiotic

Non-living

Biotic

Living

Estivation

Is like hibernation

Biochemical evidence or best evidence for

identical proteins or amino acids or DNA or RNA or Enzymes

Innate behavior

Born with Can not change

Euglena

Have chloroplasts move toward light

Prokaryotes

Have ribosomes, cell walls, cell membranes Lack - nucleus and chloroplasts

Lung cancer

Caused by environmental conditions (tobacco usage)

Chloroplasts

Location of Photosynthesis Causes Photactic response

Fungi

Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular Cell wall made of chitin

Plant

Eukaryotic Autotrophic Multicellular Cell wall

Protista

Eukaryotic Both autotrophic & heterotrophic Both unicellular & multicellular

ZEF

Zygote Embryo Fetus

\

Folds

Increase absorption Increase surface area

Commensalism

1 benefits 1 no effect

Mutualism

Both benefit

Parasitism

1 benefit other harmed

Photosynthesis

Takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere

Buffers

DO not allow pH levels to change

Mitochondria

Have DNA

Enzymes are

Proteins

If it ends in -ase

It is an enzyme

Human insulin can be made by

Bacteria

Equilibrium

Homeostasis=balance

Osmosis

water high to low

Active transport

Is against concentration gradient requires energy

Plant cells grow at their tips so

Roots cells are dividing a lot

Recombination =

variation

Sexual production

causes variation

Independent assortment

causes variation

Meiosis is…

sexual=variation

Chlorofluorocarbons

Destroy the ozone layer

Turners syndrome

1 X chromosome XO

If conditions change in an environment

You need genetic recombination

Angiosperms

Plants With flowers and vascular tissue

Gymnosperms

Plants With cones and vascular tissue

Process that gets the most stored ATP

Aerobic respiration

Mitosis is…

Asexual = no variation

Asexual =

no variation for organisms

Sexual

Variation for organisms

Clones have

No variation (make identical organisms)

When something is regenerated there is NO

variation

Regeneration

=no variation example star fish

Nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

Anaerobic

No oxygen

Aerobic

with oxygen

Xylem in plants moves

water

Phloem in plants moves

food

karyotypes show

chromosomes

Extra chromosomes

Test cross Determines genotypes of parents

Genotype always used in test cross =

Homozygous recessive Example= rr

Early earth 1st organism

Prokaryote Anaerobic

Replication

DNA nucleus

Transcription

RNA Nucleus

Translation

protein ribosome

sperm =

pollen

egg=

ovule

sex cells =

gametes

meisosis makes

sex cells- all different

mitosis makes

identical cells

Huntington's

Progressive brain loss Autosomal dominant HH- has Hh- has hh-normal

Ribosomes

All Cells have them

Meiosis causes

variation

PKU

no protein

cystic fibrosis

Excess Mucus on organs

if it ends in -OSE

= sugar

sickle cell

mis-shapes blood cells

Klinefelters

Extra X chromosome XXY

Muscular dystrophy

Sex linked Males get it most Muscle weakness

Chemical signals may be released by one cell to influence...

The development and activity of another cell

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that...

Continually reproduce themselves and have the ability to differentiate into one or more types of specialized cells

Stems cells found in bone marrow are called...

Adult stem cells

The 3 systems that are affected by diabetes are

Endocrine Cardiovascular Digestive

The hormone that regulates blood sugar is (keeps glucose levels at homeostasis)

Insulin

Cytokinesis is

the division of the cytoplasm

The 3 parts of interphase are

Growth 1 Synthesis Growth 2

The type of cell division that allows or asexual reproduction is

mitosis

Contractile vacuoles help a uni-cellar organisms survive by....

Removing excess water from the cell to prevent lysis

Cilia help a uni-cellar organisms survive by....

By helping them move away from predators and toward food

Flagella help a uni-cellar organisms survive by....

By helping them move away from predators and toward food

Pseudopods help a uni-cellar organisms survive by....

By allowing organisms like the ameba to trap their food. And also for movement

Eyespots help a uni-cellar organisms survive by....

Detecting where the light is so they can move toward it and carry out photosynthesis

Chemotaxis is an adaptive behavior that...

Helps organism survive by allowing that organism to sense a chemical and move toward or away from it

Phototaxis is an adaptive behavior that...

That allows organisms to move toward or away from light

Imprinting

Learned behavior learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stag

The nitrogen cycle is important in making

Proteins

The organism that plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle is

Bacteria

The greenhouse effect influences the climate by

Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Volcanic eruptions and other geological processes influence the climate by

Releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere

In input of radiant energy is converted into chemical energy that...

Allows for organisms to carry out life processes (ie photosynthesis)

Transport is...

How different organisms get what they need into cells

Excretion is...

How different organisms get waste products from cells to organs of excretion

Respiration is...

How different organisms take in and release gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water)

Nutrition is...

Feeding adaptations and how organisms get nutrition. How they break down food and absorb food

Placental development

Occurs inside of an animal. Think Human baby

Placenta

an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply.

Suckling

Innate behavior the drawing of milk into the mouth from the nipple of a mammary gland

Taxis/Taxes

Innate behavior The physical movement of an organism toward or away from a stimuli

Migration

Innate behavior The seasonal movement of animals