Photosynthesis, Plant Systems, Reproduction, and Pollination

A set of Q&A flashcards covering photosynthesis, plant systems, reproduction, and pollination.

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen (using light energy).

Which plant organ is primarily responsible for gas exchange and water regulation?

Leaves, via stomata controlled by guard cells.

What are the two main vascular tissues and what do they transport?

Xylem transports water and minerals upwards; Phloem transports sugars and amino acids in multiple directions.

What roles do chloroplasts and chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll; chlorophyll absorbs light and converts it to chemical energy to synthesize glucose and oxygen.

What is the cellular respiration equation?

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP).

Where does glycolysis occur and what is produced?

In the cytoplasm; produces pyruvate and a small amount of ATP.

Define transpiration.

The loss of water vapour from leaves via stomata, aiding water transport and gas exchange.

Name the main plant vascular tissues and their functions.

Xylem transports water/minerals upwards; Phloem transports sugars/amino acids in multiple directions.

What are the four pollination types discussed?

Self-pollination, Cross-pollination, Insect pollination, Wind pollination.

Name the female parts of a flower and their components.

Pistil (carpel) includes stigma, style, and ovary.

Name the male parts of a flower and their components.

Stamen includes anther and filament.

List the five steps of fertilisation in plants.

1) Pollen lands on stigma; 2) Pollen germinates; 3) Pollen tube grows down the style; 4) Male gamete fuses with egg in ovule; 5) Fertilised ovule becomes seed and ovary becomes fruit.

What is the seed coat and how is it formed?

The outer protective layer formed from the outer integument of the ovule.

What happens to the ovary after fertilisation?

It grows into a fruit that nourishes and protects the seed.

What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in plants?

Sexual involves gametes and genetic variation; asexual does not involve gametes and produces clones.

Give examples of plant asexual reproduction.

Fission, budding, spore formation, fragmentation, regeneration, and vegetative propagation.

What controls the opening and closing of stomata?

Guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing.

What is the function of stomata?

Gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out) and water vapour regulation.

What is mutualism in pollination?

A relationship where both plants and pollinators benefit.

What is the role of the ovary after fertilisation?

Develops into a fruit that nourishes and protects the seed.

What are pollen grains and what do they contain?

Male gametes; they germinate on the stigma and travel to fertilise the egg in the ovule.

What are sepals and peduncle?

Sepals enclose/protect the developing flower; Peduncle is the stalk that holds the flower.

What is translocation in plants?

Movement of sugars and amino acids through the phloem to where they are needed.

What is ATP?

The energy currency produced by cellular respiration.