anaphy lab 5 ~

Foramen magnum

the opening at the base of the skull

Central Nervous System

consist of the brain and the spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

consists of all the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Nerves

bundle of many axons that connects

Cranial nerves

nerves originating from the brain

Spinal nerves

nerves originating from the spinal cord

Sensory (afferent) Division

transmits electrical signals

Motor (efferent) Division

transmits action potentials

Sympathetic Nervous System

fight or flight division

Parasympathetic Nervous System

rest and digest division

Nerve cells (neurons)

cells that receive stimuli

Glial cells

support and protect neurons and perform other functions

Sensory (afferent) neurons

conduct action potentials TOWARDS the CNS

Motor neurons

conduct action potentials FROM the CNS to the other organs

Interneurons

conduct action potential WITHIN the CNS from one neuron to another

Astrocytes

major supporting cells in the CNS; STAR-shaped

Blood-brain barrier

protects neurons from substances in the blood

Ependymal cells

line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Microglia

act as immune cells of the CNS

Oligodendrocytes

form the myelin sheath, an insulating material

Schwann cells

form myelin sheaths around only one axon

Satellite cells

surround neuron cell bodies in sensory ganglia

Medulla oblongata

most inferior part of the brainstem

Cardiac centers

control heart rate

Vasomotor centers

regulate blood pressure

Respiratory centers

initiate and regulate breathing

Pons

relay information between the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Midbrain

smallest region of the brainstem

Reticular formation

group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem

Reticular Activating System

arousing and maintaining consciousness

Thalamus

largest region of the diencephalon

Epithalamus

smallest area of the diencephalon

Spinal cord

provides a two-way conduction pathway

Stretch reflex

simplest reflex

Knee-jerk/patellar reflex

used to determine if higher CNS centers influencing this reflex are functional

Withdrawal reflex

flexor reflex

Hypothalamus

most inferior part of the diencephalon; maintains HOMEOSTASIS

Cerebellum

second largest part of the brain; responsible for coordination of movements

Cerebrum

largest and most prominent part of the brain; controls conscious perception and motor activity

Frontal lobe

important in voluntary motor function

Parietal lobe

functions in SENSATION

Occipital lobe

responsible for receiving and integrating VISUAL input

Temporal lobe

receives and evaluates input from SMELL AND HEARING; plays a role in MEMORY

Right hemisphere

special recognition, face recognition, musical ability

Left hemisphere

MATHEMATICS AND SPEECH