Chapter 36 HW; Vascular Plant Anatomy

Root hairs are important to a plant because they _____.

Increase the surface area for absorption

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

Cell enlogation

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

Endodermis

Which of the following structures is a modified horizontal shoot growing along the soil surface?

Stolon

The root pericycle is the site where

Lateral root originate

Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system?

tracheid-vascular tissue

Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its

function?

• sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls

• ground meristem-protective coat of woody stems and roots

• periderm-parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves

• guard cells-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots

sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls

Which of the following accurately describes meristematic plant

cells?

Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells.

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems and the leaves have determinate growth. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level, or slightly below, and the leaves have indeterminate growth from meristems at the base of each leaf. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

If you mow one inch above ground level, apical meristems can continue to produce new leaves and cut leaves can continue growing.

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Pericycle

Growth and development of plant parts involves which of the following processes?

I) cell division to produce new cells

II) enlargement and elongation of cells

III) specialization of cells into tissues

I, II, and III

Plants and animals respond differently to the environment. Which statement most accurately compares the responses of plants and animals to changes in their environment?

Animals tend to respond to changes in their environment by movement; plants tend to respond to changes in their environment by growth.

Which of the following describes an anatomical difference between roots and leaves?

a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

Which of the following is not a type of primary meristematic cell found in apical meristems?

Vascular cambium

Which structure determines the direction of root growth by sensing

gravity?

Root Cap

True or false? Plant growth involves both the production of new cells by mitosis and the expansion of cell volume.

True

Which of the following statements about the vascular cambium is

true?

It is a layer of undifferentiated cells that develops into secondary xylem and phloem.

Why do plants need secondary growth?

To provide structural support for the plant

Which of the following parts of a plant remains on the plant even after several years of growth?

Primary xylem

True or false? Primary growth can occur at both the apical and lateral meristems at the tips of the roots and stems in a plant.

False

Select the best description of the significance of the meristems of

plants.

• Plant meristems are permanently embryonic regions within the plant body.

• Plant meristems are active only for repair of wounds or damage to plants.

• Plant meristems are present only in young plants.

Plant meristems are permanently embryonic regions within the plant body.