Unit 7.2 APUSH

Standard of living

The level of wealth, comfort, and material goods available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area.

Scientific management

A theory of management that analyzes workflow to improve efficiency, often associated with the practices of Henry Ford.

Welfare capitalism

An economic system where businesses provide social welfare programs to their employees.

Hollywood/movie industry

The entertainment industry centered in Hollywood, known for producing films and television.

Charles Lindbergh

An American aviator famous for making the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight.

Fundamentalism in Religion

A strict belief in the literal interpretation of religious texts.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 legal case in which a high school teacher was tried for violating a Tennessee law that prohibited the teaching of evolution.

Prohibition - 18th Amendment

A constitutional amendment that prohibited the manufacturing and sale of alcohol in the United States.

Al Capone

Infamous gangster known for his involvement in organized crime during the Prohibition era.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Two Italian immigrants who were controversially convicted of murder, highlighting issues of racial bias in the justice system.

Quota Laws

Legislation that limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States based on nationality.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s celebrating African American achievements in arts, literature, and music.

Marcus Garvey

A political leader who advocated for the back-to-Africa movement, promoting the idea of black nationalism.

Calvin Coolidge

The 30th president of the United States, known for his pro-business policies and a belief in limited government.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st president of the United States at the start of the Great Depression.

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Buying on margin

Borrowing money to purchase stocks, a practice that contributed to the stock market crash.

Bank failures

The event where banks become insolvent, leading to the loss of savings for many individuals.

Gross National Product (GNP)

The total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a given time frame.

Stock market crash

A sudden, drastic decline in stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

A highly protective tariff enacted in 1930 that raised duties on imports, worsening the Great Depression.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A government agency established during the Great Depression to provide financial support for banks and businesses.

Bonus March

A protest in 1932 by World War I veterans demanding early payment of a bonus for their service.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The 32nd president of the United States known for his New Deal programs to combat the Great Depression.

Warren Harding

The 29th president of the United States, whose administration was marred by scandals.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A bribery scandal involving the leasing of federal oil reserves during Harding's presidency.

Brain Trust

A group of academic advisers to Franklin D. Roosevelt during his presidency.

New Deal

A series of programs and policies implemented by FDR aimed at recovering the economy during the Great Depression.

Bank Holiday

A temporary closure of banks to stabilize the banking system during the Great Depression.

Fireside chats

Radio broadcasts made by Franklin D. Roosevelt to communicate directly with the American public.

CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps

A New Deal program that provided jobs to young men for environmental conservation projects.

TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority

A New Deal agency created to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Emergency Banking Relief Act

A law passed in 1933 that allowed the government to stabilize the banking system.

FDIC - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A government agency that provides deposit insurance to depositors in U.S. commercial banks.

SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission

A government agency established to regulate the securities industry and protect investors.

Second New Deal

A series of programs launched by FDR in 1935 that furthered the New Deal initiatives.

Social Security Act

A 1935 law that created a system of old-age benefits and unemployment insurance.

Wagner Act

A 1935 law that established labor rights and support for unions.

Father Charles Coughlin

A controversial priest who used radio to advocate for social justice and economic reform.

Court Packing

FDR's failed plan to expand the Supreme Court to gain favorable rulings for New Deal legislation.

John L. Lewis

A leader of the United Mine Workers and a key figure in the labor movement during the 1930s.

Fair Labor Standards

Legislation that established minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor standards.

Dust Bowl - Okies

The period in the 1930s of severe dust storms that damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American prairies, with many displaced farmers referred to as 'Okies'.