American Healthcare Quiz 9 (Garmong)

What were the two classes of professionals during the "Apothecary"?

Head Pharmacists and Chiefs of Fabrication (Gatherers and preparers of drugs)

True or False: pharmacy and medicine were often co-practiced in ancient times

True

Where were the first privately owned drug stores?

Baghdad

What was monumental about the first privately owned drug stores?

This is what separated the practice of pharmacy and medicine

What did King Frederick II of Sicily do?

He made thee distinction between professions (physicians and apothecaries), and created professional standards of practice

The _____________ explained the quality standards for consistent preparation of medicines.

United States Pharmacopeia

Place the following events in order of when they occurred (older to more recent):

1. American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA)

2. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy -- America's first pharmacy association and pharmacy school

3. Pharmacist-led revision of USP

4. The first United States Pharmacopeia (physician-led)

4, 2, 1, 3

What federal legislation established Rx Legend vs. OTC drugs?

The Durham-Humphrey Amendment

What was one important part of the manufacturing boom in the mid 20th century?

Ready-made dosage forms

What rule did the "dispenser" play in the delineation between Rx and OTC drugs?

A gatekeeper role

From 1952-1969, the APhA Code of Ethics ______________ (enabled or prohibited) the dispenser's ability to discuss "therapeutic effects" or "composition" of Rx with patients.

Prohibited

The "clinician" role helped bring about the _________ degree.

PharmD

Give examples of things that the "clinician" role helped establish for pharmacists.

-Debuted the PharmD degree

-Pharmacists began rounding with the medical teams at the University of Kentucky

-The first hospital pharmacy residency

-More drugs approved, medicare/medicaid expand access to healthcare

What did the AACP "Millis Commission" articulate?

That pharmacists should be trained as clinicians to provide direct patient care

Helper and Strand explained that pharmacists should adopt __________ care as part of their practice.

Pharmaceutical

Helper and Strand believe that the role of the RPh is to:

Adopt a patient-centered care focused on optimizing drug therapy to prevent, detect, and resolve DRPs/MRPs/DTPs

The __________ ___________ demonstrates community pharmacist impact on diabetes care.

Asheville Project

When the "clinician" role was established, _________ became a part of Medicare Part D

Medication Therapy Management (MTM)

What is the Pharmacist's Patient Care Process?

A standardized, consistent process of care across settings

The _____________ translates to what we now see as a community pharmacist compounding, giving advice on OTCs/dietary supplements.

Apothecary

The ___________ translates to what we now see as a community pharmacist providing accurate, safe, and legal medication distribution.

Dispenser

The _____________ translates to what we now see as community pharmacists ensuring dispensed medications are appropriate.

Clinician

Give a brief definition of a community-based pharmacy.

Takes place in settings where patient care is delivered outside of the inpatient health-system setting

What are examples of community-based pharmacies?

Chain and independent pharmacies, hospital-based outpatient pharmacies, houses of worship, barber shops, and community health events

What are the different types of community pharmacies?

Chains, Independents, Health-system Outpatient

An example of a traditional chain may be:

CVS, Walgreens, Rite Aid

An example of a supermarket chain may be:

Giant Eagle, Kroger

An example of a mass merchant chain may be:

Walmart, Costco

True or False: Independent community pharmacies can be a standalone or have multiple locations

True

The NCPA is a part of __________ community pharmacies.

Independent

The NACDS is a part of ____________ community pharmcies.

Chain

The ASHP is part of _____________ community pharmacies.

Health-system pharmacies

What is the community pharmacy enhanced services network? (CPESN)

Provide enhanced services that transcend conventional medication dispensing and improve the health of patients

What is the Pennsylvania Pharmacists Care Network (PPCN)?

A local CPESN in PA that collects data across networks to improve quality of care and inform future contracts

True or False: Mail order, manufacturer assistance programs, direct dispensing, and prescriber dispensing are NOT other providers of outpatient medications

False

A pharmacy such as Medicine Shoppe, Health Mart, or Good Neighbor would bee examples of what kind of pharmacies?

Independent franchise

What are the 4 tenets of a community-based pharmacist practitioner?

1. "Serving as providers of direct patient care to meet the health care needs of patients in the communities they serve."

2. "Creating, advancing, and influencing team based care for the benefit of patients they serve."

3. "Striving to enhance management of community based pharmacy practices to focus on the delivery of patient care services."

4. "Serving as leaders within community based practice settings, local communities, and within the profession of pharmacy."

What are the 7 steps of the typical pharmacy workflow?

1. Intake, data entry, and billing

2. Label generation

3. Filling

4. Final check/PDR/DTP Resolution

5. Will call

6. Checkout and counseling

7. Pt leaves with follow-up plan

Which enhanced service aligns a patients medications to be filled on the same date each month for convenience and reduced access barriers to adherence?

Med Sync and Appointment-based model

What are the benefits to the pharmacy of the me sync and appointment based model?

Efficiency single-touchpoint

Enhances inventory and staff planning

Immunizations, Screening, Point-of-care testing, pharmacogenomic testing, compounding, adherence packaging, comprehensive medication management, and specialty integration are examples of __________________.

Community pharmacy enhanced services

What is a collaborative practice agreement?

This allows a pharmacist to take certain medication management actions, not within normal scope of practice, on behalf of a collaborating physician

If an employee is able to complete register transactions at pickup, but have no direct interaction with prescription medication or ability to enter a prescription, what community pharmacy role do they have?

A clerk

If an employee can have patient interaction, complete data entry, billing, and product retrieval and preparation, what role do they have?

Technician

If an employee can complete all the same functions as a technician while also doing some pharmacist functions under the supervision of a pharmacist, what role do they have?

Intern

If an employee has clinical judgement or tasks reserved by law and team supervision/management, what role do they have?

Pharmacist