TEAS 7 A&P (2)

Which statement correctly describes the functions of the two sides of the heart?

The right side pumps blood to the lungs, while the left pumps it to the body.

Which pathway describes pulmonary circulation?

Right ventricle → lungs → left atrium

Which pathway describes systemic circulation?

Left ventricle → body → right atrium

Which sequence correctly traces blood flow through the heart?

Venae cavae → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Which statement about the pulmonary blood vessels is correct?

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Which sequence correctly lists the heart valves encountered as blood flows through the heart?

Tricuspid → pulmonary → mitral → aortic

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle?

It must pump blood throughout the entire body

Which statement correctly compares arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry it toward the heart.

Which feature makes capillaries well suited for exchanging gases and nutrients?

One-cell-thick walls

What happens to the heart valves during ventricular systole?

 AV valves close and semilunar valves open.

Which statement correctly identifies the normal heart sounds?

S1 is caused by AV-valve closure; S2 by semilunar-valve closure.

Which sequence correctly traces electrical conduction through the heart?

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Which ECG components are correctly matched with their electrical events?

P wave—atrial depolarization; QRS—ventricular depolarization; T wave—ventricular repolarization

A person has a heart rate of 70 beats/min and a stroke volume of 80 mL/beat. What is the cardiac output?

B. 5.6 L/min
Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume.

According to the Frank–Starling mechanism, what generally happens when more blood enters and stretches the ventricles?

Stroke volume increases.

Which pairing correctly identifies a cardiovascular disorder?

Myocardial infarction—death of heart muscle caused by inadequate blood flow

Which statement correctly describes the major components of blood?

Plasma is the liquid portion, while red cells, white cells, and platelets are formed elements.

Low blood oxygen causes the kidneys to release erythropoietin. What is the result?

Increased red blood cell production

Which blood-cell function is correctly matched?

White blood cells—help defend against infection

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for packed red blood cells?

 O negative

Which statement correctly compares the superior and inferior venae cavae?

The superior vena cava drains the upper body, while the inferior drains the lower body.

Which heart valves are correctly matched with their locations?

Tricuspid—between the right atrium and ventricle; mitral—between the left atrium and ventricle

Which statement correctly describes systole and diastole?

Systole is contraction; diastole is relaxation.

A ventricle contains 120 mL before contraction and 50 mL afterward. What is its stroke volume?

70 mL

Which statement correctly distinguishes the two major types of stroke?

Ischemic strokes involve blocked blood flow; hemorrhagic strokes involve a leaking or ruptured vessel

How does the biconcave shape of a red blood cell support its function?

It increases surface area for gas exchange.

Which anemia is correctly matched with its deficiency and red blood cell appearance?

Iron-deficiency anemia—small cells containing less hemoglobin

Which white blood cells are usually the first to arrive at a bacterial infection?

Neutrophils

Which white blood cell is correctly matched with its function?

Basophil—releases histamine during inflammation

Which statement correctly describes agranular white blood cells?

Monocytes perform phagocytosis, while lymphocytes provide specific immune defenses.

Which sequence correctly shows the major stages of hemostasis?

Vascular spasm → platelet plug formation → coagulation

Which change produces the protein threads that strengthen a blood clot?

Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.

Which ABO blood-type pairing is correct?

Type A—A antigens and anti-B antibodies

Why might an Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus receive Rh immune globulin?

To prevent her immune system from developing antibodies against Rh-positive fetal cells